The Art and Science of Depiction Representation...

The Art and Science of Depiction

Fredo DurandMIT- Lab for Computer Science

Representation Systems

Limitations: contrast & palette 2

Rouen revisited• Paul Debevec

Assignments for Monday 23.• Solso Cognition and the Visual Arts

– Chapter 7

• Essay– Peer review

– Final essay

• Final project– subject

Plan• A paradigm: Cartography

• Representation systems– Drawing and projection– Denotation– Tone & color

Digression: infamous “Paradigm”• A personal pet-subject• Paradigm:

– An outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype

• After Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions– A philosophical and theoretical framework of a

scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are formulated

• Vocabulary inflation (see also “framework”)

A paradigm: Cartography• A map is a depiction of a reality

• Can be more efficient than photo• There is no perfect universal solution

• However, quantitative is more important than for most pictures

• The systems are usually explicit• And same issues as studied before (Gestalt, etc.)

• Amount of detail

Map making• Which information will be represented

• Projection

• Which kind of symbols will be used

• Color codes

Projection

Projection• Buckminster Fuller

Projection & distortion

Distortion and politics

Topological map• Beck’s map of London underground, 1931

Geographical map• London underground

Topological map• Itinerary, 13th century

Metaphoric Projection

Error:Columbus's map

Error/choice/distortion• Descelier, 1546

Error/choice/distortion• Descelier,

• E.g. huge elephant

• Projection

• Color codes

Denotation

Symbols: dimension

Denotation: a complete example

Denotation

• Projection

• Color codes

Symbols: dimension & tone, color

Color: elevation

Color: geology

Color: influence of cities

Ambiguity: color or denotation?

A complex example• Population of

the Bay Area

Plan• A paradigm: Cartography

• Representation systems– Drawing and projection– Denotation– Tone & color

Representations systems• John Willats

Art and Representation:New Principle in the analysis of pictures1997

Goals and context• Coarse-grain description of style• Independent systems, independent decisions• Description and comparison• Synthesis (NPR)

• This is an exploratory system!– In progress– Incomplete– Different categories may overlap

• More a vocabulary

Representation systems• Drawing and projection

• Denotation• Tone & color

• The two first systems are classical

• Because painting was the only recognized art form

Drawing system• Linear perspective

• Orthographic• Topological

• Other

– Interior of St Bavo's church at Haarlem,Pieter Jansz Saenredam, 1648

• Orthographic

• Topological• Other

• Orthographic– Brooks-Greaves

St Paul's Cathedral 1928

• Topological• Other

– Paul Klee Another Camel1939

• Other

Drawing system: symbolic• Linear perspective

• Other– Piero de la Francesca

Denotation system• Silhouette:

– 2D (regions)

• Line Drawing– 1D (lines)

• Optical– 0D (points)

– 2D (regions)

– Picasso, Rite of Spring

– 2D (regions)

– Picasso, Portrait of Stravinsky

– 2D (regions)

– Picasso, Paul as Arlequin

A fourth denotation system• Sculpture

– 3D (volume)Picasso, Head of a Woman (Fernande), 1909

• Silhouette: – 2D (regions)

Tone & color system• (Often a mix)

• Extrinsic• Intrinsic

• Symbolic

Extrinsic color• Renzo

PianoTjibaou cultural center 1991-98

Extrinsic black and white• Gordon Park,

Red Jackson Gang Leader

Optical intrinsic• Boticelli Primavera 1482

Pure intrinsic colors• Jawlensky

Girl with Peonies• +symbolic+harmony

Next sessions• Linear perspective

• Canonical view• Drawing systems

• Distortion and constraints

The Art and Science of Depiction Representation...

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