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Teaching Excellence Workshop:
Part 3-The Teaching Process
Cynthia S. Deale, Ph.D.
School of Hospitality Leadership
East Carolina University
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TYPES OF SMILES
O Did you know that there are various types of smiles?
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TYPES OF SMILES
A FRIENDLY SMILE
E BIG SMILE
I OVAL SMILE -- SURPRISE
O ROUND SMILE
U SMALL SMILE --- COY SMILE
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Which type of smile is best for instructors?
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O An A smile is best
Again…?
O What do we mean by excellent teaching or teaching excellence in terms of what happens in the classroom?
Think about your favorite instructor’s or instructors’ teaching style…
O Think- Reflect on the best teacher (s) you ever had. O Why was/ were he/she/they the best? O What did she/he/they do in the class that was so
great?
O Pair-Discuss the reasons with your neighbor O Share-Talk about this with others at your table
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Common content presentation methods used in the U.S
O In a study of US schools, Goodlad found that “about 75% of class time was spent on instruction and that nearly 70% of this was “talk”…the bulk of this teacher talk was instructing in the sense of telling…
O Lammers & Murphy (2002) and others found that lectures dominate college classes
Tips on Lecturing*
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O Make Choices-- O Present 3-4 major issues/points
O Break it up in Pieces: O Break your lecture into 20 minute parts to help
students remember more
O Get Active— O Get students involved with the content!
O *Source: How-To-Lecture-Teaching-Tips-For-Graduate-Students (2011). Retrieved 1/3/2011
from http://gradschool.about.com/od/collegeteaching/p/How-To-Lecture-Teaching-Tips-For-
Graduate-Students.htm
More tips for lecturing*
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O Pose Reflective Questions-- O For example--what would you do in this particular
situation? How would you approach solving this problem?-
O Reflective questions are difficult, so be prepared to wait for an answer (at least 20 to 30 seconds).
O Get students writing to reinforce learning- O *Source: How-To-Lecture-Teaching-Tips-For-Graduate-Students (2011). Retrieved 1/3/2011
from http://gradschool.about.com/od/collegeteaching/p/How-To-Lecture-Teaching-Tips-For-
Graduate-Students.htm
Tips for Lecture “Breaks” O Picture Prompt – Show students an image with no explanation,
and ask them to identify/explain it, and justify their answers.
O Think Break – Ask a rhetorical question, and then allow 20 seconds for students to think about the problem before you go on to explain.
O Choral Response – Ask a one-word answer to the class at large
O Classroom Opinion Polls – Informal hand-raising about a subject.
O What else can you do to “break” up a lecture to engage students and check for understanding?
Presentation style tips
O Get organized-know what you want to say
O Remember that “less is more”
O Provide an interesting Introduction
O Use an extemporaneous style (primarily used)
O Exude enthusiasm
O Offer interesting examples
O Vary your tone—use conversational tone
O Make your movement meaningful
Teaching style tips
O Be consistent so that students are not caught off guard
O Use surprises so that students maintain interest
O Listen carefully to students
O Show empathy & care toward students
O If you can, get to know students’ names, etc.
Food for Thought… Teaching with Your Mouth Shut?
O Teaching with your mouth shut is the title of a book by Donald Finkel.
O What could the title mean?
O Does the idea have merit? Is it possible?
O Could you use and alterative teaching method to “telling”?
O If so, what, when, where, how? O (Finkel, 1999)
And…
O According to Don Bain the author of What the Best College Teachers Do… the best teachers…
O Emphasize the pursuit of answers
O Accommodate diversity
O Teach to foster learning
O Reject the view of teaching as delivering correct answers
???
O What else can instructors do besides give lectures?
O What do you do in your classes in addition to or instead of lectures to engage students in learning?
O Think
O Pair
O Share
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Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me, I may remember.
But involve me and I’ll understand.
--Confucius
Flipping the classroom
O Look for opportunities to “flip” the classroom
O What is a flipped classroom?
O Students learn new content online by watching video lectures, etc. outside of class , usually at home
O What used to be homework (assigned problems, etc.) is now done in class with the teacher offering more personalized guidance and interaction with students, instead of lecturing.
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Student-to-Student Interactive Teaching Methods Defined
O Teacher creates activity and conditions for performance.
O Once activity begins, activity is STUDENT DRIVEN and teacher acts as coach and monitor.
O Students interact with EACH OTHER during activity and not directly with the teacher (except to get clarification, etc. about activity).
O Teacher leads a debriefing session of the activity after it ends.
Examples of Student-to-Student Interactive Teaching Methods
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O Projects O Student presentations O Case studies O Small group activities &
exercises O Games/Simulations O Brainstorming O Role plays O Small group discussions O Other—service learning
O What is one specific interesting and effective interactive (student-student) learning activity or assignment that you do in one of your classes?
O Why is do you like it?
O Think O Pair O Share
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Benefits of student-to-student interactive teaching methods O Actively involve students in learning O Enable students to teach each other O Increase student retention of course concepts O Allow students to contribute to the learning process O Provide feedback to students of their progress in
learning O Gives the instructor an opportunity to see how
successful teaching methods have been
…
The classroom should be an entrance into the
world, not an escape from it.
O John Ciardi
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References
O Adapted in part from:
O Finkel, D. (1999). Teaching with your mouth shut. Heinemann;Portsmouth, NH.
O Thomas A. Angelo/K. Patricia Cross, Classroom Assessment Techniques. 2nd Edition. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, 1993.
O Alison Morrison-Shetlar/Mary Marwitz, Teaching Creatively: Ideas in Action. Outernet: Eden Prairie, 2001.
O Silberman, Mel. Active Learning: 101 Strategies to Teach Any Subject. Allyn and Bacon: Boston, 1996.
O VanGundy, Arthur. 101 Activities for Teaching Creativity and Problem Solving. Pfeiffer: San Francisco, 2005.
O Watkins, Ryan. 75 e-Learning Activities: Making Online Learning Interactive. San Francisco: Pfeiffer, 2005.
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