Taxonomy The science of naming organisms.. Aristotle Plant or animal? If an animal, does it –Fly...

Taxonomy

The science of naming organisms.

Aristotle

Plant or animal? If an animal, does it

– Fly– Swim– Crawl

Simple classifications Used common names

Carolus Linnaeus

Described organisms with two word names, instead of polynomials

Developed binomial nomenclature First word = genus name Second word = species name

Why binomial nomenclature?

Much easier than a 10+ word name under old “polynomial system”

Same name no matter where you go Less confusion Binomial = SCIENTIFIC NAME

Taxonomic hierarchy

Names organisms and their relationships from very broad to very specific

Analogous to sorting mail– County, zip code, street, house number

All organisms classified in a hierarchy Kingdom (broadest) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (most specific)

Bird Cladogram

Overview of the 6 kingdoms

Archaebacteria– Unicellular– Live in extreme environments– Prokaryotic

Eubacteria– Unicellular– Prokaryotic– “Common bacteria”

Overview of the 6 kingdoms Protista

– Eukaryotic– Unicellular or colonial– Lots of different life styles

Fungi– Cell walls made of chitin– Eukaryotic– Multicellular– fungi cannot make their own food

Overview of the 6 kingdoms

Plantae– Eukaryotic & Multicellular– Cell walls made of cellulose– Autotrophic

Animalia– Eukaryotic & Multicellular– No cell walls– Internal heterotrophs