Classification vocabulary

Aristotle

Ancient Greek - classified organisms into two categories - Animal and Plant

Arthropoda Phylum

Insects, spiders, millipedes. Name means "jointed limbs"

Invertebrates with exoskeleton. Complex nervous system

Annelid Phylum

Annelid Phylum Earthworms, bristle worms and leeches. Name means "segmented worms" with tiny hairs called bristles. Invertebrates and live in many different environments.

Closed circulatory system.

Archaea Domain

Unicellular prokaryotes but cell wall doesn't contain peptidoglycan. Considered most ancient of living things - Archae means "ancient ones"

Autotroph -:Organisms that can create their own food: either by using sunlight (photosynthesis) or other chemicals (chemosynthesis).

Fancy name for "producer"

Bacteria Domain

Prokaryotic - no nucleus

Unicellular bacteria with thick cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.

Binomial Nomenclature

Two word naming system (Latin) for organisms - which creates it's scientific name

First word is the Genus (always capitalized) and second is the species (always lowecase).

Example: Panthera leo - scientific name for a African lion

Carolus Linnaeus

Carolus Linnaeus:(1707-1778) developed a classification system consisting of levels. His levels were from Kingdom (biggest) to species (smallest)

Known as the father of classification. Classified organisms according to similarities in form

Classification

grouping of things based on common characteristics

Cnidarian phyla

CnidariaJellyfish, sea anemones, coral.

Simple animals whose body plan consists of cells and tissue.

Name means "stinging cell" all animals in this phylum have stinging cells on tentacles which are used to paralyze or kill their prey.

Domain

Domain -:Largest classification category according to modern classification

Echinodermata Phylum

Echinodermata-Starfish,sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea lilies. Complex animals with organ systems and a water vascular system.

Name means "spiny skin" all have an endoskeleton with spines. Invertebrate. All live in marine environments.

Evolution

Evolution -When organisms change over time.

Supported by Darwin's theory of Natural Selection and other data accumulated by scientists since the late 1800's.

Eukaryotic

Eukaryotic -:organisms with a nucleus in their cells. Examples are Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plant and Animal.

Eukarya Domain

Eukarya Domain -:All organisms in this domain are Eukaryotes - has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Classes

Classes -classification groups within phyla

Members of each phylum are divided into classes

Chordata

Chordata phylum -:The vertebrates! Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are the five classes in this phylum.

Complex animals with organ systems and a backbone. Complex nervous system.

Animal Kingdom

Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus in cells

All multicellular, all are consumers

No cell wall

Examples: insects, mammals, birds, fish

Families

Families -Classification group within orders or

An order is made up of similar families

Fungi Kingdom

Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus

All have a cell wall

All are decomposers - break down dead or decaying organic matterial

Some are unicellular, others are multicelluar

Examples: yeasts, molds, mushrooms, mildew

Genus

Classification group within families or

Each family is made up of groups of genera

2nd smallest group (makes up part of scientific name)

Heterotroph

Heterotroph -An organism that has to eat others for food.

Can be an herbivore (eats only plants), carnivore (eats only other animals) or scavenger.

Fancy name for "consumer"

Organism

Organism -Any living thing

Orders

Orders -Classification group within classes or

Members of each class is made up of different orders

Molluska PhylaSnails/slugs, clams/oysters/mussels, octopus/squid. More complex animals with body systems. Name Molluska means "soft bodied"

Invertebrates with open circulatory system.

Three classes:

bivalves : "2 shelled" clams/oysters

gastropods: snails and slugs

cephalopods: "head foot" octopus and squid

Kingdom

Kingdom -According to Linnaeus's classification system it was the largest and most general classification category

2nd largest in modern classification system

Porifera phylum

Sponges. Simple animals whose body is made up of only two layers of cells. Filter feeders and live in marine environments.

Plant Kingdom

Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus

All multicellular and all have a cell wall

All are producers

Examples: ferns, mosses, conifers, flowering plants

Phylum

Phylum -classification groups within a kingdom

3rd largest classification group

Prokaryotic

No nucleus in cells or membrane bound organelles.

Examples: Domain Archae and Bacteria. All bacteria.

Protista Kingdom

In Eukarya domain - Eukaryote (having a nucleus)

Some have a cell wall, others don't

Some are consumers, others producers, other decomposers (animal like protists, plant like protists, fungi like protists)

Mostly unicellular, but some multicellular

Name means "odds and ends" in Latin

Examples: protozoans, algae, slime molds, amoeba

Scientific name

• Scientific name -• Name given to organism using it's genus and

species name. (Binomial nomenclature)

Species

Smallest classification category

Each genus is divided into species.

Species also describes a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy -The science of identifying, classifying and naming living things.