Tackling Climate Change in Indonesia

Tackling Climate Change in Indonesia

Dr. Armi Susandi, MT.Head of Meteorology Department, ITBNational Council on Climate Change

Training for Enhancing Reporting Skills in Child Centered Disaster Risk Reduction (CCDRR) and Climate Change for Journalist in

IndonesiaBandung - Indonesia, 28 - 31 July 2009

OUTLINE

• Climate Change• Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia• Climate Change Vulnerability in Indonesia • Tackling Climate Change• National Council on Climate Change• International Climate Change Convention• Submission to UNFCCC

Climate change impacts are already Climate change impacts are already occurring and more are inevitableoccurring and more are inevitable

The risk of serious irreversible impacts increases strongly as temperatures increase

Impact of Climate Change on Indonesia

Climate Change Vulnerability

Flood

Drought

Forest Fires

Flood Flood

Basic Concept

(IPCC, 2001)

CLIMATE CHANGE

Including VariabilityHuman Interference

MITIGATION

Of Climate Change via

GHG Sources and Sinks

Exposure

Initial Impacts

Of Effects

Autonomous

Adaptations

Residual or

Net Impacts

Planned ADAPTATION

To the Impacts and Vulnerability

Policy Responses

IMP

AC

TS

VU

LNE

RA

BILIT

IES

TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation to Climate Change

• Dynamical Model

• Visual Observation

• Statistical Model

Weather Prediction

Weather Prediction

Rainfall

Wind Direction and Speed

Temperature

Warm/Cold Wave

Gas Emission

Result of Weather Projection and Prediction

Rainfall Variable

Topography Constant

Vegetation Variable

Land-use Change Variable

Hydrology Constant

Technology Capacity Variable

Population Distribution Variable

Source : Susandi et al., 2009

Model of Climate Predictionfor Developing Policy

Index of Climate Change Vulnerability

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

(Susandi et. al, 2009)

2035Sea Wall 100 % of the distance

Sample of Adaptation Option in Climate Change Vulnerable Area

Development:

1. Water Resource

2. Water Collector

3. Polder

4. Networking Pipes

5. More Pipes & Polder

Mitigation to Climate Change

• Renewable Energy

• Forestry

• Ocean

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Biomass Energy

Geothermal Energy

Coal Energy Source: Susandi, et al., 2008

Renewable Energy

Forestry

Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of reforestation over Indonesia on climatic parameters

Carbon Uptake

Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of reforestation over Indonesia on climatic parameters

Kyoto Protocol2008 – 2012

Post Kyoto 2013 on

COP 14 COP 15 COP 16 COP 17 COP 18

Indonesia Forestry–

SUSTAIN-ABLE

FOREST MGNT

OCEAN

The Net Flux of CO2

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1(Source: H. Kettle and C. J. Merchant, 2005)

The Net Flux of CO2

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

January (West Monsoon and Southwest Monsoon)

The Net Flux of CO2

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

April (Transition I)

The Net Flux of CO2

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

July (East Monsoon and Northwest Monsoon)

The Net Flux of CO2

SST (oC)

Wind speed (ms-1)

Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1

September (transition II)

NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)

DNPI (Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim)

Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI) Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI) Perpres 46 /2008 Perpres 46 /2008

Head : PresidentVice : Menko EKON Menko KESRA

ORGANIZATION

MANDATE

NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)

1. Mainstreaming mitigation and adaptation policy on climate change in sector and district.

2. Arrange Strategy of Low-Emission Sustainable Development (Energy, Industry, Forestry, and Agriculture)

3. Enhance Information, assessment and mechanism on arrangement and carbon market.

4. Programming communication, information, and education regarding to climate change in Indonesia

5. Monitoring and evaluating on implementation of DNPI policy

6. Utilize Bali Road Map in various International negotiations

7. Enhance Clean Development Mechanism Commission

The Climate Change Convention

UNFCCC : Global Agreement on Climate

Change

• Objective: Stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

• Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to : • to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change• to ensure that food production is not threatened, and • to enable economic development and to proceed in a sustainable manner

• Principles: Parties to the Convention should protect the climate systems on the basis of : • Equity • Common but differentiated responsibility • Respective capabilities

Convention under UNFCCC:

• COP = Conference of the Parties;• COP/MOP : Conference of the Parties/ Meeting of

the Parties;• SBSTA = Subsidiary Body for Scientific,

Technical, and Advice;• SBI = Subsidiary Body for Implementation;• In-sessional workshop;• Inter-sessional workshop;

COP

• Conference of the Parties is highest convention institution

• Main mission is promoting and reviewing implementation of convention result

• This convention has been held for 14 times.

Subsidiary Bodies

• Two organization in helping COP • The Subsidiary Body for Scientific &

Technological Advice provide information and suggestion in Sciences and Technology

• The subsidiary Body for Implementation help to COP in evaluate and reviewing implementation from COP

Toward UNFCCCEnhanced Action on Adaptation and its Means of

Implementation

Enhanced Action on Mitigation

Enhanced Action on Financing, Technology and Capacity Building

Adaptation Workgroup Proposed to UNFCCC

• Exchange information and knowledge at the local, regional, and international level.

• Enhance data collection and availability to inform adaptation planning.

• Build capacity for enabling environments in a manner that leads to progress on adaptation

• Enhance coherence and facilitate linkages with organization

• Stabilization of forest cover, thereby forest carbon stocks

• Conservation and maintenance of forest carbon stocks due to sustainable management forest

• Reduction in deforestation rates• Reduction in forest degradation• Enhancement of forest carbon stocks

REDD Workgroup Proposed to UNFCCC

SUBMISSION BY INDONESIA

Adaptation

• Enhance scientific monitoring activities to develop ways and means to adapt to the effects of climate change on the ocean.

• Exchange lessons learned and best practices, and enhance assessment of the vulnerability of oceans and coasts to the effects of climate change in order to facilitate the implementation of adaptation measures

Technology Transfer

Improved understanding on the role of oceans on climate change and vice-versa, and its effects

on marine ecosystems, marine biodiversity and coastal communities, especially in

developing countries and small island states; including marine scientific research and sustained integrated ocean observation

systems.

Capacity Building

Promote gathering and exchange of information related to climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, communities, fisheries and other

industries; emergency preparedness, monitoring, and forecasting climate change and ocean variability; and improving public

awareness of early warning system capacity.

Thank YouThank You

armi@geoph.itb.ac.id

www.armisusandi.com