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Tackling Climate Change in Indonesia. Dr. Armi Susandi, MT. Head of Meteorology Department, ITB National Council on Climate Change. Training for Enhancing Reporting Skills in Child Centered Disaster Risk Reduction (CCDRR) and Climate Change for Journalist in Indonesia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Tackling Climate Change in Indonesia
Dr. Armi Susandi, MT.Head of Meteorology Department, ITBNational Council on Climate Change
Training for Enhancing Reporting Skills in Child Centered Disaster Risk Reduction (CCDRR) and Climate Change for Journalist in
IndonesiaBandung - Indonesia, 28 - 31 July 2009
OUTLINE
• Climate Change• Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia• Climate Change Vulnerability in Indonesia • Tackling Climate Change• National Council on Climate Change• International Climate Change Convention• Submission to UNFCCC
Climate change impacts are already Climate change impacts are already occurring and more are inevitableoccurring and more are inevitable
The risk of serious irreversible impacts increases strongly as temperatures increase
Impact of Climate Change on Indonesia
Climate Change Vulnerability
Flood
Drought
Forest Fires
Flood Flood
Basic Concept
(IPCC, 2001)
CLIMATE CHANGE
Including VariabilityHuman Interference
MITIGATION
Of Climate Change via
GHG Sources and Sinks
Exposure
Initial Impacts
Of Effects
Autonomous
Adaptations
Residual or
Net Impacts
Planned ADAPTATION
To the Impacts and Vulnerability
Policy Responses
IMP
AC
TS
VU
LNE
RA
BILIT
IES
TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE
Adaptation to Climate Change
• Dynamical Model
• Visual Observation
• Statistical Model
Weather Prediction
Weather Prediction
Rainfall
Wind Direction and Speed
Temperature
Warm/Cold Wave
Gas Emission
Result of Weather Projection and Prediction
Rainfall Variable
Topography Constant
Vegetation Variable
Land-use Change Variable
Hydrology Constant
Technology Capacity Variable
Population Distribution Variable
Source : Susandi et al., 2009
Model of Climate Predictionfor Developing Policy
Index of Climate Change Vulnerability
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
(Susandi et. al, 2009)
2035Sea Wall 100 % of the distance
Sample of Adaptation Option in Climate Change Vulnerable Area
Development:
1. Water Resource
2. Water Collector
3. Polder
4. Networking Pipes
5. More Pipes & Polder
Mitigation to Climate Change
• Renewable Energy
• Forestry
• Ocean
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Biomass Energy
Geothermal Energy
Coal Energy Source: Susandi, et al., 2008
Renewable Energy
Forestry
Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of reforestation over Indonesia on climatic parameters
Carbon Uptake
Scenario-based simulation to assess the impacts of reforestation over Indonesia on climatic parameters
Kyoto Protocol2008 – 2012
Post Kyoto 2013 on
COP 14 COP 15 COP 16 COP 17 COP 18
Indonesia Forestry–
SUSTAIN-ABLE
FOREST MGNT
OCEAN
The Net Flux of CO2
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1(Source: H. Kettle and C. J. Merchant, 2005)
The Net Flux of CO2
SST (oC)
Wind speed (ms-1)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1
January (West Monsoon and Southwest Monsoon)
The Net Flux of CO2
SST (oC)
Wind speed (ms-1)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1
April (Transition I)
The Net Flux of CO2
SST (oC)
Wind speed (ms-1)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1
July (East Monsoon and Northwest Monsoon)
The Net Flux of CO2
SST (oC)
Wind speed (ms-1)
Net Flux of CO2 in moles m-2 yr-1
September (transition II)
NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)
DNPI (Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim)
Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI) Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI) Perpres 46 /2008 Perpres 46 /2008
Head : PresidentVice : Menko EKON Menko KESRA
ORGANIZATION
MANDATE
NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)NCCC (National Council on Climate Change)
1. Mainstreaming mitigation and adaptation policy on climate change in sector and district.
2. Arrange Strategy of Low-Emission Sustainable Development (Energy, Industry, Forestry, and Agriculture)
3. Enhance Information, assessment and mechanism on arrangement and carbon market.
4. Programming communication, information, and education regarding to climate change in Indonesia
5. Monitoring and evaluating on implementation of DNPI policy
6. Utilize Bali Road Map in various International negotiations
7. Enhance Clean Development Mechanism Commission
The Climate Change Convention
UNFCCC : Global Agreement on Climate
Change
• Objective: Stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system
• Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to : • to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change• to ensure that food production is not threatened, and • to enable economic development and to proceed in a sustainable manner
• Principles: Parties to the Convention should protect the climate systems on the basis of : • Equity • Common but differentiated responsibility • Respective capabilities
Convention under UNFCCC:
• COP = Conference of the Parties;• COP/MOP : Conference of the Parties/ Meeting of
the Parties;• SBSTA = Subsidiary Body for Scientific,
Technical, and Advice;• SBI = Subsidiary Body for Implementation;• In-sessional workshop;• Inter-sessional workshop;
COP
• Conference of the Parties is highest convention institution
• Main mission is promoting and reviewing implementation of convention result
• This convention has been held for 14 times.
Subsidiary Bodies
• Two organization in helping COP • The Subsidiary Body for Scientific &
Technological Advice provide information and suggestion in Sciences and Technology
• The subsidiary Body for Implementation help to COP in evaluate and reviewing implementation from COP
Toward UNFCCCEnhanced Action on Adaptation and its Means of
Implementation
Enhanced Action on Mitigation
Enhanced Action on Financing, Technology and Capacity Building
Adaptation Workgroup Proposed to UNFCCC
• Exchange information and knowledge at the local, regional, and international level.
• Enhance data collection and availability to inform adaptation planning.
• Build capacity for enabling environments in a manner that leads to progress on adaptation
• Enhance coherence and facilitate linkages with organization
• Stabilization of forest cover, thereby forest carbon stocks
• Conservation and maintenance of forest carbon stocks due to sustainable management forest
• Reduction in deforestation rates• Reduction in forest degradation• Enhancement of forest carbon stocks
REDD Workgroup Proposed to UNFCCC
SUBMISSION BY INDONESIA
Adaptation
• Enhance scientific monitoring activities to develop ways and means to adapt to the effects of climate change on the ocean.
• Exchange lessons learned and best practices, and enhance assessment of the vulnerability of oceans and coasts to the effects of climate change in order to facilitate the implementation of adaptation measures
Technology Transfer
Improved understanding on the role of oceans on climate change and vice-versa, and its effects
on marine ecosystems, marine biodiversity and coastal communities, especially in
developing countries and small island states; including marine scientific research and sustained integrated ocean observation
systems.
Capacity Building
Promote gathering and exchange of information related to climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, communities, fisheries and other
industries; emergency preparedness, monitoring, and forecasting climate change and ocean variability; and improving public
awareness of early warning system capacity.
