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lbtal ntur.rbcr o{'Pagcs-- 16
zt) 1s
T-OGIC & PFITT,()S()I)F[Y
Full Marks : L00
Pass Marks : 30
25'r l.OPll
The .figures in the murgin i.ndicate Jfull murks
Jbr tlte cluestiotts'
Cantd.
l. Give very shorl andwer : 1x12-12
.srfu ry €e< ftxt :
(a) "'I'he premises of an inductive inference offer certainty for the trutir of the
conclusiol'1." -' ls it true ?
"q]r|-:H q-dTFt-{ qrqR<I+-R 1}q.rg< }rsi-sFi R.uvgt qr<"Js 4-6E 1" - .ltcH q\5tc{?
(h) Which of the the following statements is true ?
-i- Ii-Cfr]S CST{CD"] \flg qE] ?
(i) The law of causation is a material ground of induction.
3pffi1"aq RfR ?<q qtffiq< <vats && t
(i, C)bservation and the law of causation afe the formal grounds of
.I
indubtion.
frQqq qs 6{qqq Rfq ?<q qttl:nr< gl3l3e1s && t
25:l 25'f LOPFI t2t
(iii) Observation and experirnent are the formai grounds of incluction.'
ftfin'q qs ?Rn'6r ?<q qam-+< gfol-qtF5 &R r
(ir) None, of the .a-bove,statements is true. .
€?rc<'Fs c+Tc{t ..{br €ffi qEl ;l-{{ |
:
(c) "Observation is finding a fact and experitnent is rnaking one." - Who did
say this statement ?
"ftfiqq ?atq qtr{'f< qlRsx qfs aftq"f hTq" d{l< 1B t" - qE €,ffii Cs-fr{
?ofui ?
;
(rt) Which one of the following statement is incoriect ?
Rffis cs'HrDr €fu qeqt
(i) Observation is a perception with a definite purpose in view.
fifiq,q ?qeq fiffi €(qe.i]c< s-$ .{s a\5J$ I
Cantd.251'LOPFI t3l
(i) Obser-vatign is a perception of naturai events,
Rfrwq ?qaq qlTes q?i"m e$iry 1
(iiil Observation is not a perception of events uncler natural conditions'
fifixuq $TC$ "rRe<'i< {Ms s-{i c+]cn^j iT* elslnu q<3 I
(iv) In obscrvation, the natural events are not fully under the control of the
observer.
frAq5"fs qT&=+ qtrdl-c.K frAq's ar<]_f,a q-'"i'f firq'nftq qq{ t
(e) which is the last stage ot' hypothesis suggested by 1vlillls definition o
hypothesis ?
fr-ar< er+-*< q<w'f q-f,R er+q"{ rm s<ebt fr z
(f) what is the meaning of the condition of 'testability' of a valid hypothesis
qbi f<< er+-{< 'qqloifr+qk D6 6i< qqf fr z
2s1'LOPH t41
(S) "Whcn hcat is applied to ice, tlien ice rnclts. Whcn heat is not applicd to ice,
thcn ice does not melt. 'l-herefore, heat is the cause of the melting of ice. "
Name the experimental method ernployed in the above argument.
'?<ss ulq dclrlq s-Krq T<rr rtR {FI I rstei gc{'i?i {sRcE q<a ai-fr qHR r etGr+
\5i(€ <<{P- tiR G,fKt< 1P'i-ql l"
€?r(<tB {FeFr erc$rt <e-a afisqqap {hffiK Tt:I R<m r
(h) "'l'he possibiiity of the doctrine of the plurality of causes cannot frustrate the
rnethoci of agreement." - [s iJ correct ?
'!1-4 36c1<&3 qgl<fiTsR q-{fr q"ilfts ry ffiq c{Klc< 1" - qReBr shlf,?l
(i) Who among the following philosophers is not an idealist ?
Ees €Riefs qFffi-$q{{{ &s<s 6q'FaKffr \rf<{ifr qq{ ?
(i) Berkeley
-/-<l$lc"l
(ii) G. tl. Moore
lq, Q, T{
(iii) I3radley
K\se,_l
t5l25'r'r.oPrr Contd..
menl '-* "1'56ught and I{ealitY
0) Name the philosopher associatecl with the stater
are at bottom identical"
"fis;1 u1-4 qst 4Req<io qs-q" -_ .se €@K qrls q&s qrffi-$-tK1fi-d;ilr
6c.g"l s-d] t
(k) What is the meaning of the Latin word 'Religare' ?
mnFq qnl< 'l{cligare' 1vc!* srd R ? '
(l) Mcntton an
<{ qt+ ffircsr< q.Ms qsl Rr+rra 4e qlTql Bcm"t Tdt t
2. state two pornts of diffefence between deduction and induction' lxz'
fiaNqqKql'ln;rd\qgcl$]ra4sfu]s-m"ts-$t
3. I)cfinc bacl analogy with suitable exarnple'
-..€qqq €q1_q<'H-q T{E-r{qs <l WqU"uF-s T"*
q(s't lq$ I
1'l-l
'^ 25',1LOPIIt6l
4 State any two char actcristics of analogy.
6.
5. De{ine material callse with an example.
B,iiq<fi-q gaxql-q orcct{ qi@-.t fr$ir
Ilriefly explain any one criticisrn against Mill's paraclox of induction.
'I
Or / ry&"/ .
why Mill's paradox of induction is said to comrnit the
or fiallacy of arguing in a circle ?
fallacy of petitio principii
l-t1:2
Rq< q'tEq{{ Re$qr\dqs R{ D-q-s cq|{ EFr 1R c+rcr w r
7. What do yor-r mean by a working hypbthesis ?
offi er+q nF-c{ ft g'nr
251'LOPH 17 I Contd.
B. tlriefly cxprain any one condition of a va1ic1 hypotrresis with the help of a suitable
exaurPlc'
€l-Ts €qtq-<"f{ qqixs ?<< ers-q< f?rr+'tr"''t qt D6 ESs <ilqil] T{t t
g. why c1o some logicians regard the metho<l of agreement as a method of single
I
agreement ?
RRq.a s6Rer q-{fi} s"lrfiFF ft< es'Hfr d'ilfi $ m< $(<?
10. Give a concrete ex^amPle of joint metho.d of agreement and difference'
frcr qq-fr<1ffi d"|rfi< .eil Trs< €4R4'i ftx] '
l+1=, l1'. What are primary qualities ? Give exaurple'
' {ll eiq :lrc{ ft z €q15q 6i1 '
|2'l}rieflyexpressanytwocharacteristicsofobjectiveidealism'
<vFS eK<tk-d Frca-rc+r fAiKFiE E*s ers'Ft +3^tl
2s'f LOPH t81
Or t +REl
llriefly express any h+,o points of criticisrn against objective iclealisrn.
213.
two differences betwden deduction and induction.
15.
qlfl{.{ $]-s (<I-e? fraN{ q'rs qle|I;[d $s?\o ql-ST
2+2:4
ntt "ti.f+l 8cs< $-{'tr
bottom. )) - Explain the significance of this
4
are analogicai at
">6p-6cfl elst{'d qTn]ce TEsg wr-nimnefrn t:' - eQ tsa66pq eiqq{Tfi?ilt $-<I I
Contd.
<sfi$ vm{k-d fisrn firora fA lr.rq'F{l DT?s erc'Ff qqr 1
State any tvto essential characteristics of religion.
<f< /?rorcryr fD W t{FrBl €?sq +q r
14. What is induction ? State
"A1l inferences
remark.
251'LOPH tej
16. What is a condition ? Briefly explain
of sr.ritable examplc.
positive and negative, condition with the help
ll-3:4
R{cTr DT <il"m wltK .eDKt I
I7 . What do you mean by fallacy of mal-observation ? Distinguish between individual
'rtrnal-observation and universal mal-observation with the
cnlR-< Tiqs 4cr$l Rqqq +< t
soFs.rqq Trc4 R r €"{{g. €qF<qK qq$5 Wffq <'l)Tnsfu qrc Afrir+q <iq,$sr$ €q+-Kf{
help of suitable exan:rple.
I+3:4
qps qic<sq cqR TRtn fr gw.f z $qTG €nfq{"K q-qH\5 <i&ut\5 ql-s 'liKs"i ql$
q|ffi-{ qtg q{c<s.f< x'Fq\o {f?fuj fift rc<tr
or / qFq't
Distinguish between fallacy of non-obser-vation of essentiai instances and fallacy of
non-observation of essential circumstances with the help of suitable example.' 4
€q1gi €qfq{q-d rrqR\o q.K"ilfiT YeB< sm(<s6t cq]{ q'is q'K{if,{ "ilR"ffffis w<-EK
q-{c<q;6i
:
25'I- LOPH 110 1
1tt. Distinguish between explanatory hypotlresis and descriptive hypothesis. 4
<lt".rflTqs erf,q q'ts <f{fws g*$-fld {lqs 4sfui frgqq T-dtr
19. What is a crucial instance ? Briefly explain
cxperiment with the help of a suitable exarnple.
State lwo advantages and, two disadvantages of the
.:;
a crucial instance obtained by
2+2:4
D<{ TEts<l frqfrs Tbtqxrcq ft r sqTs- €kT$.K qeRs D-<{ <tfrqfus Tbts<
RreK DT?s <fl"tll $<.it
20. rnethod of difference. 2+2:4
<rffi d"trfi-< nAnRqr qrts kAqTR$ S?sq +<tr
Or/4ftq'"/
State two advantages and two disadvantages of the method of residues. 2+2:4
4RerR qq-fi-a nA nR-q| \fls fA quR$ €-cn{ s-{i r
2l. What do you mean by naive realism ? State any two differences between naive
reaUsrn and scientific realism. 1-L'r- 4
{<61 <fsK*{4 frcE ft S[q.t ? {<i-E <ls-<<lq \ils M"s ffy<-<lq-s srqs "w M fEt
"ilqfu Bcs"i s-$ r
251'LOPH t11l Contd.
9, 1a:fu
What do you mean bY naive realism ?
against this tyPe of realism. l
Briefly express any two points of criticism
2-12:4
4
4
q'{E <tsK.f4 ficE fr s:q1r eQe;a5 <tv<<lq< Rscq ftrc'fat raq$e-qtD4l D*s el$1-'l
$-<I I
22. Ilriefly express arty four characteristics of naive realism'
0r1q@
Ilriefly express any four characteristics of scientific realism'
M+ <rwa<tq-d frTatmt Ftret mrBi 5*s q-$tq s<tl
23. What is habitual action ? WhY
judgerrrent ?
svinerFE @TtTrC{ fr7
E{?
25T LOPH
is this tlpe of action regarded as object of moral
)+):A
t
qQ er<'FK ft$<' ftR ?{B-s Rui<< RR.{.<-s fo-rz4 fr6454143i
l72l
.'t AL+. Define the method of agreement in your own
of this method where we proceed from effect
pre-eminently a method of observation ?
,;
- Cstl.fd Fq-< \el{Fo qrqfr sq-fi}a I(s't fr:n qr+ eQ "{6G(Df< qrn qbt 4s|-< ftq{q fril'f
{b qtR +lt{ 'tK'i $t<q?q qem< qri r eR d.irfi-cbrc Rx lqss fifiqq-q dqrfi c{Ht.q-{ ?
Or./,{fu
Define the method of residues in your own words Y[ttV
this rnethod as a rnethod of cleduction ? Explain.
do some logicians regard
words and give a concrete example
to cause. Why is this method called
2+2+2:6
2+4:6
FFTK fiq-d v.tR't\o ?fRrrR q{ffi-q qwl fintr frRTtr E6Req qQ q.ilfitDm R{
fiew+m+ 3F fu< sls? <fic[] $-dt t
25. What is Berkeley's subjective iclealism ? On what grounds Berkeley has said that
.;primary and secondary qualities are inseparable ? 2+4:6
rt6tr< qiyFt v-r<"<tq ft z affifr-6n fr {fus {cr qL$ cfrq eqqT{ YC{ 1R ?+rqt
Contd.251'LOPH t13 l
or / rF<t
Critically discuss objective idealism of IIegel.
<n"BI qtrJK(FKtl
26. Briefly discuss,any three of the cliiferent elements invoived in the rnental stage of
voluntary actions, 2x3:6
aes e{.K >{tqfr--<' s<s cr+1 RCH €'MFq{K ftFl]ffi/ eFaq Rxc{ ET q(FllE{l
qI'K .CDI-fl I
Or/4@
What do you mean by non-moral actions ? Briefly explain any Jive non-moral
actions. 1+5:6
6
25T LOPH t1+1
21. Critically cxplairr any one of tlre following views : 6x l:6
-F̂extio rsqr{< 4<T &arrc;i/ qAv Rtnr qrilIETu;iTrrq <flql] rx'laK .euKt s
(i) Itcligion is the solrrce of morality.
<:i -c<q ffircor< €qq r
(i, Morality is the source of religion.
fd-eset C{cq <f< €qq r
(ii, Religion and morality are independent of each other.
qt' \il$ ffiF\5i q<-"f< tqT I
x_
25'f r,oPH I 15l
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