System Architecture vs Optimization - UBC ECEbeznosov/SEEDS/Talks/2003/Vladimir... · Fuselage...

Space:Space:System ArchitectureSystem Architecturevs Optimizationvs Optimization

Vladimir GrebenyukRaytheon Canada Limited

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Space: The Space: The First StepsFirst Steps

October 4,1957April 12, 1961July 20, 1969April 12, 1981May 15, 1987Nov. 15, 1988… 2003 ?

19571957

Sputnik

Sputnik 2

Vanguard Vladimir Grebenyuk

19581958 Sputnik 3

SputnikSputnik 2Vanguard failureSecond Vanguard

Explorer 1

Vladimir Grebenyuk

The RaceThe Race“Our Germans versus their Germans” ?

Vladimir Grebenyuk

System Architecture System Architecture -- Divide & ConquerDivide & Conquer

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Glider: Decomposition of the Form

Glider

Wing

...Fuselage Stabilizer

Body Cockpit Landing Gear Vertical stabilizer

Horizontal stabilizer

Pilot Seating

Controls

Instruments

Windshield

Front gear Rear gear

Wheel

Wheel Well

Well Lid

Retracting mechanism

Fin

Rudder

Frame

Shell

Fixed

Elevator

Decomposition and Structural Model of the Client-Server code

Client-Serverimport java.net.*;import java.io.*;

public class KnockKnockServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

ServerSocket serverSocket = null;try {

serverSocket = new ServerSocket(4444);} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println("Could not listen on port: 4444.");System.exit(1);

}

Socket clientSocket = null;try {

clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println("Accept failed.");System.exit(1);

}

PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(

new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));

String inputLine, outputLine;KnockKnockProtocol kkp = new KnockKnockProtocol();

outputLine = kkp.processInput(null);out.println(outputLine);

while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {outputLine = kkp.processInput(inputLine);out.println(outputLine);if (outputLine.equals("Bye."))

break;}out.close();in.close();clientSocket.close();serverSocket.close();

}}

Block 4Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 5 Block 6

S tru c tu ra lE le m e n t

S tru c tu ra l R e la tio n s

B lo c k 1 I s lo c a te d in th e b e g in n in g o f th e c o d e

B lo c k 2 F o llo w s B lo c k 1 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 3

B lo c k 3 F o llo w s B lo c k 2 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 4

B lo c k 4 F o llo w s B lo c k 3 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 5

B lo c k 5 F o llo w s B lo c k 4 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 6

B lo c k 6 F o llo w s B lo c k 5 – e n d s th e c o d e

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Glider: Structural Model

Glider

FuselageWing Stabilizer

Body Cockpit Vertical stabilizer

Horizontal stabilizer

Front gear Rear gearFin Rudder

ShellFrame

Landing Gear

Longitudinalelement

Lateralelement

ShellFrame

Longitudinalelement

Lateralelement

Vladimir Grebenyuk

From Function to Form through ConceptFrom Function to Form through Concept

Form

Func

tion

Concept

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Glider: Zoom in Layer 1

Wing

Internal Structure

External Surface

Ailerons Flaps ...

Structural Support Creating

Lift Lift

RollControl

Flying

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Wing: Emergence of the External Function

Wing

Creating Differential Pressure

Lift

External Surface

Airfoil

Upper Surface

Lower Surface

!

Air Flow + Flow Velocity -Air Pressure

Air Flow+

Flow VelocityAir Pressure

!

Flying

-

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Concepts (Patterns) in the Design

travel in the airHigh-level concept

heavier than air lighter than air

motored

motorless

wingless

moving wing

fixed wing

The Glider

Mid-levelconcepts

Instantiation

glider

hangglider

Class

Lower-level concepts

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Concepts (Patterns) in the Design

NAVIGATIONHigh-level concept

celestial radio

astrolabe

sextant

The Sextant

Mid-levelconcepts

Lower-level concepts Instantiation

inertial

quadrantSpecializes

into

Class

Vladimir Grebenyuk

System Architecture System Architecture -- A Holistic ApproachA Holistic Approach

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Automated ATM System ArchitectureAutomated ATM System ArchitectureATMS Reference Architecture

Navigation Cluster

Surveillance Cluster

♦ radar data input ♦ plot filtering ♦ tracking ♦ radar weather ♦ RT quality control ♦ADS/B

Flight

♦ flight plan ♦ clearance ♦ trajectory profile

ATC ClusterFlight Management ToolsTraffic Management Tools

Vladimir Grebenyuk

CNC/ATM InfluencersCNC/ATM Influencers

Free Flight

ATMSATMS

VTOL

Navaids

ADS-B

GPS

Middleware

Software

?

TCASCPDLC

RadarsAirspace Avionics

HardwareSystemLevel

DomainLevel

IndustryLevel

Vladimir Grebenyuk

CNS/ATM CNS/ATM -- HighHigh--Level ViewLevel View

ATMS&

ATC-Sim

Air Traffic

NAVAIDS

ATC Agency

CNS/ATM

Beneficiaries

Needs:

Environment

Trainees

RDPS

GPS

CPDLC

COMMS

Product

Developing RCL-RF

National Economy

Competition

Technology

Regulations

Security

Legal

Environment

Society

Shareholder

Workforce

Vladimir Grebenyuk

CNS/ATM CNS/ATM -- Holistic FrameworkHolistic Framework

ATMS&

ATC-Sim

Air Traffic

NAVAIDS

Agency

CNS/ATM

Customers

Needs

Training

RDPS

GPS

CPDLC

COMMS

Product

DevelopingEnterprise

Global Economy

International Relationships

National Economy

Competition

Technology

Regulations

Security

Legal

Environment

Society

Shareholder

General PublicNature

Intellectual Property

Workforce

Vladimir Grebenyuk

The Final FrontierThe Final Frontier

Comparative technical specification:Comparative technical specification:Space ShuttleSpace Shuttle EnergiaEnergia--BuranBuran

123,00025,00037,2523.80

18.3x4.615,0785,440

220Non/a

105,00030,00036.3723.92

18.6x4.714,86617,600

450Yes

103,000

Total structure (kg)Max payload (kg)Length (m)Wingspan (m)Cargo bay (m)Orbit engine thrust (kgf)Orbit engine impulse (s)Maximal orbit (km)Automatic landingNon-orbiter payload (kg)

19591959

19681968

Buran-Energia

The CarrierThe Carrier

ENERGIAENERGIA”Pure Energy””Pure Energy”

May 15, 1987

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Vladimir Grebenyuk

FlightFlight

Stages

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Race to the Moon: the StartRace to the Moon: the Start

Vladimir Grebenyuk

Vladimir Grebenyuk

special delivery

Is There Place For Optimization ?Is There Place For Optimization ?

Problem SettingProblem SettingAntenna, installed on a moving vessel, does not allow use of a fixed orientation. Moving water under the vessel also makes it impossible to use a rigid tracking algorithm (i.e. one with no feedback loop).

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Tracking PhaseTracking Phase

Tracking is performed in a “quasi-rectangular” pattern.

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‘Star’ Track‘Star’ Track

One can expect further improvement with an attempt to approach the source of the signal even closer, or even intercept it.This approach proved to be correct.Antenna moves in a ‘star’-like pattern.

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Analysis Analysis

These results can be explained by looking at the radio-signal distribution diagram.The higher the area we are working in, the flatter the signal level.“a” is an area of the rectangular track“b” is an area of the ‘star’ track

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

-10 -5 0 5 10

a

b

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The Perfect BlendThe Perfect Blend

GalileoGalileo

mid-1970s: Jupiter Orbiter Probe study 1977: mission approved by NASA1982: planned launchJanuary 1986: planned shuttle launch (direct to Jupiter)October 18, 1989: launch from Atlantis

Conclusion …

System Architecture• should be flexible enough to accommodate optimization of the local parameters

Optimization• should serve as a tool to implement architectural ideas

The perfect blend of System Approach and Optimization

Websites:http://www.iki.rssi.ruhttp://www.space.hobby.ru http://www.russianspaceweb.comhttp://history.msfc.nasa.govhttp://www.nasa.govhttp://www.jpl.nasa.govhttp://www.thespacereview.comhttp://www.systemsguild.comhttp://www.mit.edu

The Sources :The Sources :

Books:Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting:

Creating and Building Complex Systems. Prentice-Hall, 1991

Rechtin, E. and Maier, M. The Art of Systems Architecting. CRC Press, 1996

Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting of Organizations: Why Eagles Can’t Swim. CRC Press, 2000

Schefter, James. Space Race.CRC Press, 2001

Thank YouThank You !!Vladimir Grebenyuk Software Technical Authority Raytheon Canada Limited

2003 Air Defense Systems 1996 - 2002 Air Traffic Management /ATC Sim1994 - 1995 Satellite Telecommunication 1983 - 1993 Energia-Buran Space System 1980 - 1982 Aerodynamic Research Laboratory1980 Master of Aeronautical Eng.,

Kharkiv Aviation Institute, Ukraine