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Synchrophasors and Next Generation Energy
Management Systems (EMS)
Celebrating the Visions of Synchrophasor
Pioneers: Arun Phadke and Jim Thorp
May 9th, 2013
Manu Parashar
Changing Landscape
Analog Computer
SCADA & Load
Frequency Control
An
alo
g
Operator Terminal Operating System – Digital Computer
Database & Development Environment
SCADA
Generation
Applications
Operator Console
Transmission
Applications D
ata
Ac
qu
isit
ion
Training
Simulator
Real-Time Applications
60’s & 70’s Analog / Hardwired
80’s & 90’s Digital /Study Mode / Modeling
Economics Reliability
Late 90’s Energy Markets
Vertically Integrated Industry Deregulation
Offers “predictive” capabilities… Centralized systems… Adds uncertainty…
Power System
(Generators & Tielines)
p2
PMU Deployment within North America North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI)
Currently 200+
PMUs Installed.
Expected to exceed
800+ PMUs by 2013
(under SGIG Investments)
Source: NASPI Website (www.naspi.org)
Energy Management Systems of the Future
» Control Center -PDC
PMU MEASUREMENT-BASED
Analysis
Traditional MODEL-BASED
Analysis
(EMS)
SCADA & Alarms WAMS
State Estimator
State Measurement
Other EMS Applications
New Applications
Small Signal Stability
Oscillation Monitoring
Transient & Voltage Stability
Stability Monitoring & Control
Island
Management
Island Detection,
Resync,&
Blackstart
p4
Integrated “measurement-based” & “model-based” Analysis…. A nice marriage, indeed!
PMU Measurement-based analysis
PhasorPoint
»PREDICT & MITIGATE
TRUE
LIMIT
GRID
OPERATING POINT
Model-based analysis:
Corrective actions based on „what-if‟ analysis
EMS
Limit
NEW
Limit
Wide Area Visualisation
RTUs
Alstom Solution Architecture
PhasorPoint Workbench
Synchrophasor Framework
PMU & RTU Aggregation Applications
e-terrabrowser
e-terravision
PMUs
Energy Management System
Dynamic Security
Assessment
»Copyright ALSTOM Grid
SynchroPhasor Applications for the Control Center
High Voltage
e-terravision Displays PG&E SynchroPhasor Project Vahid Madani – Project Technical Leader
PG&E Proof of Concept (PoC) Laboratory Vahid Madani – Project Technical Leader
PG&E POC facility has been instrumental in gathering the expertise to provide the industry with direction and a fast track process for maturing the standards such as the IEEE C37.118.2, C37.238, 242,244, and IEC-61850-90-5
-- "Going Beyond the Abstract"
Copyright ALSTOM Grid
Generalized Security Assessment
Wide Area Visibility
Situation Awareness Visualization
Steady State
Security
Dynamic Stability
Synchrophasor
Applications
EMS
Applications
DSA
Applications
“Measurement-based” Applications
Network Model-based Apps
Correlation
Non-operational
Data
Condition
Monitoring
RT & Look-ahead trends
Production
Forecast
Weather
conditions
Improving Situational Awareness in the Control Room
»Copyright ALSTOM Grid
SynchroPhasor Wide Area Visualization (e-terravision)
Angle Difference monitoring to assess “wide-area” grid stress
Node Pair definitions and associated alert/alarm thresholds
»Copyright ALSTOM Grid
Dynamic (Oscillatory) Stability Management
“The interconnected electric power grid is one of the largest dynamic system of today”
p11
• Numeric SCADA displays today
• With synchro-phasors – high resolution trend display
Rapidly changing digits on a numeric display
-5 0 5 10 15 20 2559.98
59.99
60
60.01
60.02
60.03
60.04
60.05
60.06
Time (sec)
Freq
uenc
y (H
z)
Western Interconnection Frequencies - August 4 2000 Oscillation
Grand Coulee
Malin
Devers
Oscillations seen by SCADA and PMU data
-5 0 5 10 15 20 2559.98
59.99
60
60.01
60.02
60.03
60.04
60.05
60.06
Time (sec)
Freq
uenc
y (H
z)
Western Interconnection Frequencies - August 4 2000 Oscillation
Grand Coulee
Malin
Devers
Oscillatory Modes Observed in Colombia (2009)
Inter-area mode at 0.49Hz
(Colombia-Ecuador). Opposing
phase in South
p12
1/F MODE FREQUENCY
MODE AMPLITUDE
A
MODE DECAY TIME
EXP(-t/ )
MODE PHASE
Mode Frequency
Mode Amplitude
Mode decay time
Mode Phase
Exp(-t/ )
Measured P / f /
Operations
Planning Dynamic model validation / plant performance
Early warning alarms of poor damping
Australia
Queensland – NSW
Interconnector
Great Britain
Scotland – England
Interconnector
Transmission Corridor
Net Transfer Capacity
+300MW
+300MW
Model limitwith margin
Limit withmeasureddamping
Thermallimit
AREA 1
AREA 2
Congestion Relief Dynamic Stability
p13
In distribution network, increase connection capacity by constraining by angle
»Marginal reduction of capacity factor
More capacity
More energy
Renewables Integration – Scotland (2012)
A single phase to ground fault with resistance of 100 ohm on Line ID#37768062
p15
Distribution Fault Location using Synchrophasors
Wide Area Protection Scheme – Iceland (2012)
SW FREQ
E FREQ
Smelter load
Main generation area
Loss of Large Smelter in SW
Frequency rises rapidly
Nearby generators change speed/angle
quickly
Frequency rises more
slowly
Trip Gen proportionally in correct zone
Angle difference increase
Smart Grid in the Future:
Protective control schemes that dynamically adapt to current power system conditions, to preserve the “integrity of the grid” as an entity.
Tightly integrate fast sub-second measurements with fast sub-second controls (FACTS, HVDC, etc)
p16
Islanding, Resynchronization and Blackstart
System split »Vectors:
Voltage Phasors
Identify islanding quickly
Alarm raised
Islands clearly visualized
Reduce time to resynchronize
Improve system visibility in blackstart
Ice slide destroys 2 transmission towers, IRB used to monitor system to maintain synchronisation for 2 weeks
Synchrophasors: The New Heartbeat of the Grid! Enabling Intelligent Decentralized Grid Monitoring & Control
EMS
Dynamic Security
Assessment
State Estimation
Contingency
Analysis
Offline
Analysis
Modelling
Root Cause
Analysis
Wide Area
Controls
Post-Event
Generator & ISO
Compliance
New Smart Grid
Applications
Distribution
DMS
Distributed
Generation
Demand
Response
SynchroPhasors:
„the new heartbeat of the grid‟
Local
Controls
Synchrophasor
Analytics
www.alstom.com
Thank You
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