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Sustainable Singapore –
Waste Management and
Waste-to-Energy in a global city
Kan Kok WahChief Engineer
Waste & Resource Management Department
National Environment Agency
Singapore
2016 World Waste to Energy City Summit
11 May 2016
2
1. Singapore’s Solid Waste Management System
2. Key Challenges & Opportunities
3. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) and Resource Recovery
4. Next Generation WTE plants
Outline
3
Singapore
Dense Urban
Setting
5.54 mil population
Small Land Area
719.1 km2
Limited Natural
Resources
Country and a
City-State
4
From Past to Present
From 1st waste-to-energy plant
Ulu Pandan (1979)
Tuas (1986)
Senoko (1992)
Tuas South (2000)
Keppel Seghers (2009)
From Direct landfilling
Lim Chu Kang Choa Chu Kang
Lorong Halus
…to
Offshore landfill
5
Overview of Solid Waste Management System
2015 figures5
Domestic
Non-Domestic
Recycling
Collection Landfill
Waste-to-Energy
Reuse
TradeResidential
Industries Businesses
Total Waste Generated
21,023 t/d
Non-Incinerable Waste
516 t/d
Ash
1,766 t/d
Incinerable Waste
7,886 t/d
Electricity
2,702 MWh/d
Total Recycled Waste
12,739 t/d
2%
38%
61% Metals Recovered
118 t/d
Reduce
Recyclable Waste
12,621 t/d
60%
6
Key Challenges – Waste Growth and Land Scarcity
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Index
Year
GDP
Population
Waste Disposal
1,200 tonnes/day (1970)
8,402 tonnes/day (2015)
Current Population: 5.54 mil
At this rate of waste growth…
7-10 years
New waste-to-energy
30-35 years
New offshore landfill
~2035Semakau Landfill
Singapore’s waste generation increased about 7 folds
over the past 40 years
there will be less & less land available
But…
Land Area: 719 km2
Population Density : 7,705 per km2
Waste Management Strategies
Recycling
• Maximise resource recovery from waste
• Adopt better recycling methods to sustain clean environment
Waste-to-Energy / Volume Reduction
• Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, minimise ash & land use
Landfill
• Minimise waste to landfill
Minimisation / Prevention
• Promote efficient use of resources in production processes
• Promote 3Rs & waste segregation at source in homes & businesses
7
To enhance the sustainability of our system as solutions to the waste growth challenge are being developed
Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Singapore
Tuas WtE Plant Government owned & operated
Tuas South WtE Plant Government owned and operated
1979 1986 1992 2000 2009 2019
Ulu Pandan WtE Plant (Decomm in 2009)
Senoko WtE Plant Privatised in 2009
Keppel Seghers TuasPPP DBOO approach
8
TuasOne WtE Plant PPP DBOO approach
6th Waste to Energy Facility
ProjectPublic Private Partnership
(PPP) scheme
Design, Build, Own and
Operate (DBOO) Model
Expected operation 2019.
WTE FacilityDomestic & industrial solid
waste
90% waste volume
reduction
3,600 tonnes/day
24% net efficiency
This is an artist impression of a possible design9
Energy from Waste for Utility Steam
WTE Facility
Capacity: process up to
1,000 t/d industrial &
commercial solid waste
Produce 140 tonnes per
hour of steam to serve the
needs of petrochemical
manufacturers on Jurong
Island
Expected operation in 3Q
2016
Source: http://www.volund.dk/~/media/Downloads/Brochures_-_WTE/Sembcorp_-_Singapore.pdf?la=en10
Biomass to Energy
(Gardens by the Bay)Electricity
• Supplied to Grid• Internal
electricity consumption
Steam
• Utility purposes for industries
• Drying of Spent Grains
Cogeneration
• Gardens by the Bay
Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF)
Realising Waste-Water-Energy NEXUS
12
Integrated
Waste
Management
Facility
(IWMF)
Tuas Water
Reclamation
Plant
(TWRP)Reclaimed water for non-potable uses and incineration of sludge
Electricity for used water treatment
Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA) Metal Recovery
Increasing Resource Recovery
13
• Increase resource recovery and
extend the lifespan of Semakau
Landfill
• Capacity of 1,800 t/d of IBA
• Resource recovery: 90% of the
ferrous metals of size above 4mm
and non-ferrous metals above
2mm
• Commenced operation: July 15
14
Semakau Landfill Phase II Development
A single cell was created to form Phase II of the landfill, which was designed to: • maximise the landfill capacity
• minimise the amount of sand used
• lowering the overall construction cost
Maximise Lifespan of Semakau Landfill
15
SSB 2015
To strive towards a “ZERO WASTE NATION”
• Reduce consumption, reuse and recycle all materials to conserve
precious resources and free up land for more meaningful uses
• The Government, community and businesses will come together to
put in infrastructure and programmes
A Vibrant &
Sustainable
City
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