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Sustainable Management Futures
Lord
Ashcroft
International
Business
School
Week 3: Technology and Energy
Module Leader: Sandhya Sastry
Module Code: BB315014S
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Global Encounters (e.g. Japan)2
Japans three line train system is very efficient and environmental friendly.
The city Kobe is crowded, but only a handful cars can be seen on the roads
less smell of smog and diesel. Kobe has a lovely nature
and silent gondolas a place for Japanese to escape the
“urban bustle”.
Japans other side: underground malls, singing toilets, automatically rolling
toilet paper and the latest technological gimmickry.
Birth rate: lowest in the world, only little in-migration, the population will
not only be aging, but also be shrinking.
The economy is stagnant and is endangered to research shortages.
Japan is the First World power in Asia and is seen as exceptional. However
Japan will face the same problems as the entire advanced industrial world will
face.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Power Surge: The Advance of Technology
3
1945 in Mexico was the first nuclear blast; scientists
were wondering whether they see a new Prometheus’s
fire or whether they open a Pandora’s Box.
Technology always existed and was based on trial and error.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was on the age of science. He
was designing impractical things from helicopters to
submarines, even though he never achieved to actuate them.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) studied the stars as many others,
but he rapidly refined and employed a telescope.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
The Fires of Industry4
When Britain was building all from tea kettles to big steam
engines and France was spying on China in order to produce
superior porcelain as the Dutch, the industrial world with its
greed, rivalry and competition was born.
Egypt, Greece, China, and Mayan States had great mathematicians, who
helped to design buildings and built machines.
Later in the 1800s countries such as Germany, Japan and the USA joined
the industrial world as main powerful countries.
The French invented the Jacquard loom and the punch
cards that were used to guide the first computers to guide looms.
Britain jumped on the idea and became the biggest textile producer
in the world. These textiles were exported across Europe and
North America.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Booting Up the Electronic Age5
In 1950s computers were used for the military.
Internet was first invented for defence.
In 1880s telegraphs were replaced by telephones.
Nowadays cell phones are multifunctional.
The postmodern information age is built by the electronic technology.
Production, consumption and social relations are changed through technology:
Communication is easier by now, but face to face contact became less.
In 2004 six out of ten of the richest multibillionaires on the Forbes list, have been
related to technology such as Microsoft, Oracle, Intel and Sun Systems.
Although the music business is dominated by a handful of superstars, more music
is recorded than ever before.
There are only a few book titles that make massive profits (including movie and
merchandise rights), although more books than ever are produced.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
The Information (and Misinformation Age)
6
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uphDHRfO5w
In 1999 Bhutan was the last country on earth that got television. New
issues occurred: e.g. fights in schools became more energetic, copied from
wrestling “heroes”, elderly women neglected their religious duties while
watching soap operas. The society changed.
The media produces rather international misunderstanding than understanding.
Through media the creation of extreme consumerism is made: e.g. rich people show
how they spend their money in order to support their lifestyle beyond their individual
means and beyond the means of our planet.
Simultaneously people in poor countries are encouraged to
copy the behaviour of rich countries, although their
high-consumption causes so many problems.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
7
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration.
Available online at www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/world.html
Energy: Fire from Above and Below
Individuals are
dependent on
international networks of
electrical transmission.
However, the past has
shown that these
networks are fragile.
Every year the energy
consumption increases.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Wood8
Wood is used as vital fuel in many countries.
In some regions in Haiti, Sahel and India desperate
individuals stripped the land of trees for fuel.
The wood is becoming scarce people in these poor
countries have to walk longer to get some wood.
North American and Northern Europeans heat with high
efficiency woodstoves, whereas poor countries have to discover
alternatives.
Alternative methods to generate fuel
Reforestation, what is
already tried in Haiti
with fast growing
meleluca trees.
Using resources more
efficient (with stoves
and ovens instead of
open fire, which
wastes wood).
Some stoves even can
generate fuel by using
grasses.
The perfect place for
solar energy is hot and
dry climate. Curved
mirrors could be used
for cookers in order to
heat the food.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Coal9
Coal is a limited resource and varies in quality and ease of extraction.
The existing sulphur in coal, goes into the atmosphere as sulphur dioxide and
comes down as sulphuric acid as a component of acid rain, what kills fishes and
trees and erodes the face of buildings.
In eastern Europe coal soot fills the air and slowly causes black lungs of adults
and children
Today’s majority use of electricity is produced by coal-fired electrical plants.
Coal produces tons of carbon dioxide, which might build-up in the atmosphere
and cause global warming and other unpredictable climate change.
In the 1800s young boys, who could crawl into the narrow tunnels
were preferred in the mines. These boys became “black lungs” other
diseases or sustain accidents.
Strip mines: A safer method for workers where coal could generate faster and.
There is still plenty of coal, but it is hard to mine, to transport and not easy to
work with. Coals long-term usefulness is questioned.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Oil10
Oil did become the “black gold” of the world’s economy.
Many countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Nigeria, and Guinea have large
oil reserves, but only a few benefits from it.
Oil wealth caused bitter wars in the past.
Not only environmental, but also economical and political problems are caused
through oil.
The fuel of diesel put numerous particulates into the air (black and sooty
smoke from busses and trucks)
Gasoline produces some harmful gases, such as nitrous oxide acid rain.
Global warming is caused by burning of oil products.
Having cheap oil is good for oil-driven economies,
but bad for the air and the water. The scarcity of oil
would affect the way cities are built and the way food
is grown.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Natural Gas11
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration.
Available online at www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/nat_gas.html
http://www.youtu
be.com/watch?v
=BzLZnidztpI&fe
ature=related
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Nuclear Fission: The Power of Distant Suns
12
Our main energy sources are produced with solar power, except nuclear power. This
kind of power is not only viewed with hope but also with fear.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJfIbBDR3e8
Countries with less access to oil, have built more nuclear power plants.
The radiation of nuclear power is very dangerous. In 1986 in Chernobyl
(Ukraine) the worst nuclear disaster happened. Released invisible radiation
killed hundreds or even thousands people.
Nuclear power is on the one hand a smoke-free alternative to fossil fuels that produces no
greenhouse gases, but on the other hand it is risky (terrorist attacks, nuclear weapons,
hazardous waste that will remain ages).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCNFMoe8ASI
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Alternative Energy: Sun, Wind, and Water
13
Electricity can also be generated by solar power. Although the amount of solar energy that
beams down on the earth is vast, the amount of any square meter of space is comparatively
little. This kind of power works well in cloudless regions, but not in cloudy and smoggy areas.
Wind power same limitations as solar power. It is easier to generate wind
energy for a building rather than an entire metropolitan area, which requires
a huge “wind farm”.
Geothermal Energy (Iceland): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy86ZMpQ
Since the world has an ever-growing energy consumption, it is
important to find better ways of using the energy.
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Chariots of Fire: Automobiles and Transport
14Region/Country 1990 2005 2020
Average Annual
Percent Change,
1999-2020
Industrialized Countries
North America 7.6 10.2 13.0 1.7
United States 6.6 8.9 10.7 1.4
Canada 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.0
Mexico 0.4 0.7 1.6 5.1
Western Europe 2.6 3.0 3.0 0.3
United Kingdom 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5
France 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2
Germany 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.3
Italy 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2
Netherlands 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6
Other Western Europe 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.3
Industrialized Asia 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.4
Japan 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.1
Australasia 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1
Total Industralized 11.2 14.5 17.3 1.3
EE/FSU
Former Soviet Union 1.1 0.6 0.8 2.9
Eastern Europe 0.3 0.4 0.5 2.1
Total EE/FSU 1.3 1.0 1.3 2.6
Developing Countries
Developing Asia 1.0 2.6 5.5 5.2
China 0.4 1.2 3.4 7.1
India 0.1 0.2 0.5 6.7
South Korea 0.1 0.2 0.3 2.0
Other Asia 0.4 1.0 1.3 2.4
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Turning Down the Heat: Global Warming and
Appropriate Technology15
Worldwide the first years of the 21st century have been the
warmest years.
Tons of greenhouse gases pour
into the atmosphere day by day.
In Palau the residents are already
watching the big waves. If the sea
level rises one more meter their houses will be gone.
Climate change irony: In some regions in the world it might
get even colder.
Everything that people take as normal could be disrupted
through a rapidly changing climate.
http://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=XPz7
B6ers4k
Sastry, S. & Ucan, Z. ©Sustainable Management Futures BB315014S
Turning Down the Heat: Global Warming and
Appropriate Technology16
Steps to slow global climate change
Placing better reliance on
efficient mass transportation,
most remarkably
trains.
Emphasizing energy-efficient homes
(effectively using wind and sun).
Seriously exploring
alternative energy
sources.
Reversing the trend toward disposable
mass consumption.
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