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Vanessa Jaber and Laura Flores
The Effects of Environmental Attitudes and Self-Construal on Sunk Cost Bias
SUNK COST ● Sunk Cost Bias
● Example: President Bush’s argument regarding soldiers in Iraq, “We owe them something... We will finish the task that they gave their lives for.”
● Theories/ Reasoning
● Prospect
● Waste avoidance
● Self-justification
● Self Construal: an individual’s self representation (Singelis, 1994)
● Interdependence● value the success of the group
● Independence● value the success of themselves
THE SELF
● Attitude impacted by culture (Schultz & Zelenzy, 1999)
● Attitude impacted by self-view (Gifford, 2013)
● Decision/Behavior may/may not be consistent (Kaiser, 2005)
ATTITUDE INFLUENCING DECISIONS
● Used environmentally themed vignettes ● Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI)
(Milfont & Duckitt, 2010)● Sunk Cost Bias and Environment
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES
• Asian collectivist cultures commit fewer sunk cost errors, likely due to self-justification.
(Chow, Harrison, Lindquest & Wu, 1997; Greer & Stephens, 2001; Kitayama, Markus, Matsumoto,Norasakkunkit, 1997; Yoder, Mancha, & Agrawal, 2014)
• Self construal predicts environmental thoughts, such that those with higher interdependence are more likely to protect the environment.
(Amocky, Stroink, & DeCicco, 2007)
• Hispanics more strongly opposed to mankind dominating the environment than non-Hispanics.
(Noe & Snow, 1990)
PREVIOUS RESEARCH
PREDICTIONS
•Hispanics will commit fewer sunk cost errors than non-hispanics.
•Those with an interdependent concept of the self will commit fewer sunk cost errors.
•Sunk cost bias is influenced by personal environmental attitudes in environmentally related investments.
Environmentally friendly optimal choicesEnvironmentally unfriendly optimal choices
METHOD
• 91 A&M undergraduates (56 hispanic, 35 non-hispanic; 22 males, 69 females)
• Qualtrics • Self Construal Measurement
Interdependence: “I will sacrifice my self-interest for the group I am in.”Independence: “I enjoy being unique and different from others in many respects.”
• Environmental attitudes measurement (EAI scale)“Human beings were created or evolved to dominate the rest of
nature.”
• Sunk Cost Vignettes (Carbon and Rainwater)
VIGNETTE EXAMPLES Carbon Footprint
Rainwater Conservation
• Sunk Cost Error: Dependent Variable• Vignettes: Within Subjects Variable
• EAI: Explanatory Variable• SC: Subject Variable• Ethnicity: Subject Variable• Chi square Tests
• Sunk Cost Error: Dichotomous Variable• EAI (2) & SC (4): Categorical Variables
• Log Linear Regression• Sunk Cost Error: Dichotomous Variable• EAI & SC: Continuous Variables
TO RECAP...
X2(1)=1.08, p=.205
RESULTS: ETHNICITY 2X2 CHI-SQUARE
Re
RESULTS: 2x2 CHI-SQUARE TESTS OF ASSOCIATION
X2(1)=15.89, p<.05 X2(1)=3.46, p=.06
Carbon Vignette Rainwater Vignette
RESULTS: LOG LINEAR REGRESSION
X2 (4)= 26.83 p<.001
• Hispanics and non-Hispanics did not differ on error • Environmental attitudes significantly associated with sunk cost
bias.• Environmental attitudes, self construal, and sunk cost bias
significantly associated with each other.• Individuals with lower EAI scores more prone to committing
sunk cost errors when optimal decision supported environmental sustainability.
• Individuals with lower levels of interdependence more prone to commit sunk cost errors.
FINDINGS
• Small College Sample
• Acculturation
• Environmental theme
• Relates to the theory of Planned Behavior(Azjen, 1986; 2002)
LIMITATIONS, IMPLICATIONS, FUTURE DIRECTIONS
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