Stem cells

Aballe, Karen Marie L.

Lamberte, Joshua L.

Sebastian, Marie Elaine S.

Ateneo de Zamboanga University

• Stem cell divides by mitosis to yield either 2 daughter cells like itself or one that is a partially progenitor cell

• Stem cell is the main cell that reproduces 2 different types of daughter cell

• There are 260 or so cell types in the body develop from stem and progenitor cells such as blood cell, connective tissue cell, bone cell, neuron, skin cell and sebaceous gland cells

Cell Lineages

PATHWAY TO

CELL

SPECIALIZATIO

N

STEM CELL VS PROGENITOR

CELLS

Totipotent – gives rise to any cell types

Pluripotent – gives rise to any cell under a certain cell type

Multipotent – gives rise to other types of cell but is limited in its ability to be differentiated

Unipotent – gives rise to a certain cell

Stem Cell Potentialities

STEM CELL POTENTIALITIES DURING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Fertilization

Totipotent cells

Blastocystformation

Pluripotentcells

Gastrulation

Multipotentcells

Organogenesis and so on

Unipotent

STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY

USING EMBRYOS

- Stem cells is one type of, “regenerative medicine”

- In 1998, a breakthrough occurred when led by James Thomson

- SOURCES

* all organs (rare)

* earliest embryo through the elderly

* even from corpses and medical waste

(e.g fatty material discarded after liposuction and surgically removed organs.)

USING EMBRYOS

2 sources of ES Cells

1. Use of embryos from fertility clinics

where couples undergoing in vitro (test

tube).

2. Somatic-cell nuclear transfer

EMBRYONIC STEM (ES)

CELLS

SOMATIC-CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER (SCNT)

STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY

USING CELLS FROM ADULTS

Stem cells can heal hearts

Somatic Stem Cell Therapy: Using

a Bone Marrow Transplant to Cure

Leukemia

• A sample of donor bone marrow containinghealthy stem cells is introduced into thepatient's bloodstream.

• Stem cells will migrate into the patient's bonemarrow and begin producing new, healthyleukocytes to replace the abnormal cells.

Peripheral Blood Stem cells

• Stem cells from bloodstreams

• PBSCs are easier to collect than bone marrow stem cells, which must be extracted from within bones.

Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells

Umbilical cord blood stem cell transplants are less prone to rejection than either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells.

References:

http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/

http://stem-and-progenitor.blogspot.com/