Standards and Interoperability Alan Hopkinson Middlesex University

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Standards and Interoperability

Alan Hopkinson

Middlesex University

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Standards relating to the RFID tag

× Standards which govern the circulation protocols 3M’s SIP2 and NCIP (NISO Circulation Interchange

Protocol (NCIP-Z39.83).

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Benefits of standardisation

• Interoperability• Avoid Reinventing the wheel

-- Good ‘model’ data model-- More data there is on the tag the longer it takes to write to the tag,

and the longer it takes to read the tag

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Middlesex University applications (1)

Circulation at the counterSelf service circulationStock checking with the wandSearching for lost or reserved books (wand)

Use only the identifier

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Middlesex University applications (2)

• Security gate alarm uses the security bit• Circulation sets or resets security bit

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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RFID for Libraries

Brevity on the tag may be important

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Interoperability

Different requirements in different contexts

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Interoperability for UK

• Different library management systems process different RFID • Read 12345X not ABCDE& (for example)• Radio Frequency: 13.86 megahertz• Hold enough data

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Interoperability in Denmark

Used for interlibrary loanCompatibility between borrowing and lending

libraries’ systems

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Interoperability for all systems

• Ability to replace LMS• Ability to replace RFID hardware

BUT keep the same tags

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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‘Media’ use

Check that a set of items is completeBook with accompanying CDBoxed kit

Standard methodology of achieving this required

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Other interoperability issues

• Prevent tags from setting off alarms in wrong environments• Supply chain tagging• Book supplier’s warehouse• Common pads and software

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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All these requirements can only be achieved by standards.

.

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International Organization for StandardizationCommittee ISO/TC 46/SC 4

Working Group for RFID in LibrariesMoved by Danish Standards

“Danish Model”

× Not an international standard

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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RFID standards mean standardizing processesDeveloping a standard for RFID is taking longer

than had been originally hoped

We would still be in the same position now as four years ago!

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Book Industry Communication (BIC)

• Bind RFID tag into each book

• Include ISBN + Copy number

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Libraries need more than just IDSecurity bit on tag overcomes delays on the network at the security gate

Tags bound into the books might interfere with other tags for other requirements

BUT proposal was rejected by publishers

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Danish StandardsDanish Model includes:

Data ElementsValuesEncodingPhysical Mapping

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Extra requirements

• AFI (application family identifier)• Air Interface (includes frequency)• Fixed length encoding v. using data field identifiers• ISO standard 15962

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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ISO 28560 will be divided into three parts:

General requirements and data elements Encoding based on ISO/IEC 15962 Fixed length encoding

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Application Family Identifier (AFI)

EDItEUR, NISO (US) and Danish Standards applied to the appropriate ISO Committee

AFI value C2 (hexadecimal) “Item is a library item”In security systems it means out for loan

AFI value ”07” In library’s security system not to be taken out

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Privacy and Security

To have NO standard is safest!

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Using standard:• Read the tag• Identify the library• See the name of the borrower ???• Personal data should never be placed on a tag

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Security• Inability to change the data on the tag

(for vandalism or to steal the book)• Encryption to prohibit decoding• Locking so that the data cannot be changed

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Privacy and Security

An RFID for Libraries standard needs to address the issues and refer to other

standards as necessary

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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RFID in libraries needs standards

Pioneers in an emerging technology!

Tuesday 13 November 2007 - The QEII Conference Centre, Westminster, London

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Thank you for your attention!