Sponge - Yolabarbeyshistoryclass.yolasite.com/resources/World Expansion Notes.pdfObjective #2:...

Sponge

• With your partner read End of Isolation and

Roots of Imperialism on pages 692-693

• On the BACK OF YOUR LESSON PACKET

answer (restate question in answer)

– Provide a SIMILE or METAPHOR to explain

IMPERIALISM

– What was the CAUSE of IMPERIALISM?

U.S. 1850:

Manifest Destiny

was fulfilled, by

what next????

World Expansion PRE-Test

True or False:

1. The United States gained Hawaii and Alaska from the

Spanish-American War

2. The Spanish-American war was fought in Spain

3. More people died in the Spanish American war from

disease than from battle

Pre TestMultiple Choice

4. The panama canal was built

a) To help irrigate otherwise dry Panama

b) To cut down travel time between the Atlantic and the Pacific

c) By Martians

d) Thousands of years ago

5. Teddy Roosevelt’s famous saying “Walk softly and carry a big stick” most

nearly means:

a) Always look to start fights

b) Fighting never solves anything

c) Don’t look for fights but always be prepared to fight one

d) Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me

6. World War I was started…

a) When the United States attacked Germany

b) Soon after a famous leader was assassinated

c) When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

d) When the Nazi’s invaded Poland

7. One thing I ABSOLUTELY KNOW about World War I is…

I. U.S. EXPANSION (OBJ #1)

A. ‘Isolation’ keeps America Out

Policy to stay out of world affairs

(Policy since Washington/Jefferson)

Settling ‘West’ over (Manifest Destiny)

B. End of Isolation

1. INDUSTRIALIZED

Need RAW MATERIAL

(Keep factories going)

Need NEW MARKETS

(Place to sell goods)

2. Competition Around World

a. Europe dividing up world into

colonies

Objective #1: 1. Describe U.S. expansion around the world? Name two

future states who’s territory was added to the U.S. in this time period (What was a nick-

name for one?). How did the U.S. gain them? What –ism created the need for more

land, and what did we want from the new territory?

C. Geographic Expansion (where U.S. Grew)

1. Seward’s Folly (Alaska)

a . Bought from Russia (1867) @ 2

cents/acre

b. Public Upset – (Gold! changes minds)

2. Hawaiian Annexation

a. U.S. takes lead to keep Europe Out

b. SUGAR Industry get BIG

-Queen Liliuokalani takes power / limits

power of U.S. sugar growers

c. U.S. Growers overthrow Queen

- Hawaii is Annexed- 1900

3. America Somoa (Coaling Station for

U.S. Navy)

Alaska was called “Polar Bear

Garden” or Ice Garden at

first!!!

The

Queen

Sugar

fields

D. What fueled this expansion?

IMPERIALISM

1. The actions used by one

nation to exercise political or

economic control over a

weaker nation

a. Europe & America

gaining land around world

2. Great White Fleet- 1907

a. T. Roosevelt paints

American ships white

and sends it around the

world on tour

b. SHOWS AMERICAN

POWER

Route of the Great

White Fleet

U.S. Imperialism and the Great War (1890s-1910s)

Objective #2: Describe the causes and effects of the Spanish American

War. What event did Yellow Journalist use to get Americans behind the war? Name the

Spanish territory gained by the U.S.. What area of the world did the U.S. gain the most

power in after the war?

II. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (OBJ #2)

A. The Cuban Spark (1898)

1. Cubans rebel against Spain

(Jose Marti)

a. America Interested (why?)

2. Yellow Journalism

a. Newspapers Write about

Spanish Cruelty

3. USS MAINE EXPLODES!!!

a. President McKinley sends

Maine to Cuba

b. Yellow Journalist say

Spanish blew up ship

-Really was an accident (Spain not

dumb)

- Kills 260 American SailorsPuck magazine published this

cartoon depicting Cuba's difficult

situation in the 1890s

The wreckage of the Maine

Answer on last page of lesson

packet

What does the

BRUTE

represent?

How can you

tell?

What is the

point of this

cartoonist?

How can you

tell?

What

technique is

used?

Look closely at the headline:

B. WAR with SPAIN

1. Battle starts in Philippines

US Navy attacks Spanish Navy

2. Battles in Cuba

a. U.S troops enter Cuba

b. More troops killed by disease

than bullets

3. RESULT- “A splendid little War!!!”

a. America Wins an Empire

-U.S. Takes:

Cuba- Independent, but US can intervene if it

wants

Puerto Rico- Limited self- rule but are U.S.

citizens

GUAM & PUERTO RICO sold to US for

$20million

Philippines- Want Independence!!- Fight

U.S.

**Not given until 1946 (after WWII)

Sponge

• Use page 698 and 700 to COMPARE and

CONTRAST the Platt and Teller

amendments

• Give an example of YELLOW

JOURNALISM

• What event did yellow journalists distort to

push Americans towards WAR?

Use the following terms,

and the cartoon, to

explain the Spanish-

American War:

Yellow Journalism

“Remember the Maine”

“A splendid little war”

• Document B

• O.P. Austin, "Does Colonization Pay" The Forum, 1900

• "Modern progressive nations lying in the temperate zone seek to

control garden spots’ in the tropics. [mainly in Africa, Latin America,

and Asia] Under [the progressive nations] direction, these places

can yield tropical produce. In return, the progressive nations bring to

the people of those garden spots the foodstuffs and manufactures

they need. [Progressive nations] develop the territory by building

roads, canals, railways, and telegraphs. They can establish schools

and newspapers for the colonies [and] give these people the benefit

of other blessings of civilization which they have not the means of

creating themselves."

• Document C

• Source: Henry Cabot Lodge Republican Senator,

Massachusetts

• -Senate Speech, 1900

• …we are in the Philippines as righteously (honorably) as

we are there rightly and legally….The taking of the

Philippines does not violate the principles of the

Declaration of Independence, but will spread them

among a people who have never known liberty, and who

in a few years will be as unwilling to leave the shelter of

the American flag as those of any other territory we ever

brought beneath its folds.

• Document E

• Source: Anti-Imperialist League

• -Party Platform, 1900

• We hold that the policy known as imperialism is

hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an

evil from which it has been our glory to be free.

We regret that it has become necessary in the

land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that

all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We

maintain that governments derive their just

powers from the consent of the governed. We

insist that the subjugation of any people is

“criminal aggression.”

• Document F

• Export: something that is sold to another country

• Source: Mark Twain, New York World, 1900

• You ask me about what is called imperialism. Well, I have formed

views about that question. I am at the disadvantage of not knowing

whether our people are for or against spreading themselves over the

face of the globe. I should be sorry if they are, for I don’t think that it

is wise or a necessary development…There is the case of the

Philippines. I have tried hard, and yet I cannot for the life of me

comprehend how we got into that mess. Perhaps we could have

avoided it—perhaps it was inevitable that we should come to be

fighting the natives of those islands—but I cannot understand it, and

have never been able to get at the bottom of the origin of our

antagonism to the natives. I thought we should act as their

protector—not try to get them under our heel. We were there to

relieve them from Spanish tyranny, to enable them to set up a

government of their own…But now, why we have got into a mess, a

quagmire from which each fresh step renders the difficulty of

extrication immensely greater.

Objective #3: Explain the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. What

major U.S. accomplishment symbolized America’s power? What natural barriers did the

U.S. overcome to build it? What famous saying was used by Teddy Roosevelt and why

would other countries in the area not like U.S. policy?

III. Relations with Central & South America

A. Monroe Doctrine

1. Europe needs to say out of N. & S.

America

2. Roosevelt Corollary (Added to

Monroe Doctrine)

a. Right of the U.S. to preserve

law and order in Central & South

America

b. “SPEAK softly and carry a big

stick”

-1905 Dominican Republic

couldn’t pay debt so U.S. Navy

collected taxes

What is this cartoon

showing? What is the

opinion of the artist? How

can you tell?

1. How does this artist depict Teddy Roosevelt? Why would he do this?

2. What else do you see in the picture? Explain

The United States as a World

Power

c. RESULTS:

-American troops enter several countries

(Mexico, Dom. Republic, Haiti, Hondurus)

- Latin Am. with severe dislike of U.S.

B. PANAMA CANAL

1. Panama Isthmus (50mi.)

a. Mountains, Malaria, Columbia Owns it

2. Panamanian Revolution

a. US helps Panamanians when Columbia

refuse canal deal

3. Beating Mother Nature

a. 1st problem – DISEASE (malaria)

-Drained and cleaned to cut down mosquito

b. 2nd problem- Engineering

-Cut through rock & mountains

-Used a locks to raise and drop ships 85ft.

4. FINISHED – 1914 1st ship travels through

a. American fleet can now get through

to Pacific and Atlantic Ocean

b. Cuts 7000mi. off trip from NY to SF

Dr. Gorgas

How the canal works:

Maps

• Blue Book

– 637 Pacific Islands/Alaska

– 642 Spanish American War Details

• Red Book

– 693 Pacific Islands/Alaska

– 699 Philippines

– 700 Caribbean Sea

– Panama Canal

*Make a KEY on back or side and get creative

• Use the cartoon to explain the term

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY:

• Finish this statement: The building of the

panama canal was a HUGE deal

because...

Major Countries

Involved

Great Britain: King Edward

(take that Jacob)

Germany; Kaiser

Wilhelm

Russia: Czar

Nicholas II

Serbia:

Ottoman Empire:

Sultan Murad IV

Austria-Hungary

Franz Ferdinand

France: Prime

Minister Rene

Viviani

United States: President

Woodrow Wilson

Let the craziness

begin

Queen Victoria was the Grandmother

to King Edward, Kaiser Wilhelm, and

Czar Nicholas

German and

Austria-

Hungarian

leaders are

both German

speakers and

are culturally

linked

Russia and Serbia

are both ethnic

slavs and share

the same Eastern

Orthodox religion

United States is former colony of

Great Britain

United States has had millions of

German immigrants since the

Revolution

Austria-Hungary controls land that many

Serbians feel is their own

The

Ottoman

and Austrian

Empires are

both dealing

with ethnic

rebellion

within their

territory

Germany and Austria

Hungary agree to

protect each other if

one is attacked

(1882), Ottoman

Empire joins with

Germany in 1914

Great Britain,

France, and Russia

sign the TRIPLE

ENTENTE, agreeing

to protect each other

if attacked (1907)

Objective #4 Describe the events that led to World War I. What three major

ism’s played a role in starting war? Describe the Alliance System. What event (and

where) acted as the spark to WWI? How long after the war started did the U.S. join,

why?

IV. Causes of WORLD WAR I (OBJ #4)

A. The 3 –ISM’s

1. Imperialism – The actions used by

one nation to exercise political or

economic control over smaller or

weaker nations

a. Cased by competition from

Industrialism

b. Countries need new Markets &

Raw Materials for factories

2. Nationalism – Strong feelings of

pride and loyalty for a country or

culture

a. Competition means people start

cheering for their country to win

land & become proud

3. Militarism- Development and

building up of armies and navies for

competition

Imperialism and Africa: What

had the European Nations

done to the Continent of

Africa? Why were they able to

do this?

Imperialism and the Balance of

Power

Alliance System

B. Alliance System-

1. Secret treaties signed to

protect each country from the

others with all the –ism’s

a.Triple Alliance

-Germany –Austro Hungarian

-Ottoman Empire

b. Triple Entente (ahhn-

tahnt)

- Great Britain - France

- Russia (Add Japan & Italy)

Archduke Franz

Fernidand, heir to

Austrian Throne, is

assassinated by a

Serbian Nationalist

Austria/Hungary

declares war on

Serbia

Russia Vows

To protect

Serbia

Germany

Declares war on

Russia Germany

Declares war

on France

Germany invades

BelgiumGreat Britain Declares

War on Germany

The ‘Spark’

2. The Spark: Sarajevo 1914

a. Archduke Ferdinand of

Austria-Hungarian Empire

assassinated by Serb

nationalist

b. Austria Hungary- Blames

Serbia and makes demands

c. Russia- Protect “Fellow

Slavs” (Serbians)

Archduke Ferdinand and his wife

Alliance System comes into play

3. Alliance System goes into affect

a. Countries Mobilize armies (get

ready)

b. Austri-Hungary Declares war on

Serbia

c. Russia Prepares for War

w/ Austria

d. Germany tells Russia to Stop

e. Germany attacks France, hoping

to win quickly and then deal with

Russia (enters BELGIUM)

f. Great Britain has alliance w/ Fr.

& Russia

**NO STOPPING ONCE IT

STARTED!!!!

Analyze: Looking at the map, what

advantage do the Allied powers have?

American Reaction… what is the

ism that applies???C. America’s Neutrality

1. Immigrants = 1/3 population and many like home country

2. Trade, can make $ for selling to both sides

-British blockade Germany and take goods

**Is U.S. really neutral

-U-Boats Torpedo ships going to Britain

3. Isolationism still U.S. Policy

-Wilson elected- “He kept us out of war”

E. The WAR (1915) (OBJ #4)

1. The industrialization of warfare:

New Technology Kills

a. machine gun: Can fire up to 600 bullets a minute (the equivalent

of 250 men with rifles)

b. Poison Gas: Chlorine, Phosphane, mustard gas used by Germans

c. Airplanes

-Germans used Zeppelins- Blimp

d. U-Boats (Submarines)

-Sank supply ships going to Britain

-Helps to bring Am. into War

e. Tanks: response to Trench

Warfare

2. Results: Trench Warfare

-Miles of trenches, dirty, muddy, horrible

-Tanks end trenches but too late

-mainly due to invention: Machine Gun

**Generals fight ‘Old’ Way= Millions Killed

German infantrymen operating a

machine gun during World War I.

American troops wearing gas masks during World War I.

The soldier at left, unable to get his mask on in time,

clutches his throat as he breathes in the poisonous gas

Jan 16th,

1917

D. End of Neutrality

1. German U-boat Policy (subs)

-Germany will sink all ships going to Allies

-German u-boats sink the Lusitania, a British passenger ship from New York killing 1,000 (128 Americans)

2. Zimmerman Telegram

-Germany tries to get Mexico to start war with U.S. (Get back lost land)

3. Russians Withdraw

-Bolsheviks overthrow Czar (Communist)

-Lenin withdraws Troops

***AMERICA ENTERS- April 1917***

What’s happening at the time:

- British Starving

- French Refusing to Fight

- Russians Withdraw

- U-boats Sinking Many Ships

With your partner…

• Look FOR EVIDENCE for the essential

question page

– Your essential question is to EXPLAIN THE

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WARFARE:

– Key word is INDUSTRY: Basically, how did

INDUSTRY change War????/

– My claim would be: During the late 1800 and

early 1900’s, industry not only led to war, it

also made war more deadly than ever before!

A. The War at Home

1. Supplies for the War

a. Factories need workers (men at war)

-Women, African Americans

-Af. Am. Out of South

(Great Migration)

b. Paying for Supplies

-Liberty Bonds (Let gov’t borrow $$)

-Higher Taxes

2. Propaganda – Ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion

a. Used by all countries to get citizens

support

b. Posters / Radio / Newspapers all have messages against the “Bad Guys”

- Many Based on Race & Stereotypes

How does this ad play to

your emotion? How does it

make you feel?

B. The War Ends (Revenge Begins)

1. American Troops Refresh Allies

a. Gen. Pershing Refuses to let Americans serve under allies (keeps them separate)

b. Germany can’t keep up once Fresh American army shows up.

c. Germans request Armistice

11/11/18 (what holiday is this day

today????)

-Germans shocked because of propaganda

-Wilson stops fighting w/conditions

Surrender of German U-

boats at end of WWI

Wilson’s attempt at Peace

2. Wilson’s Struggle for Peace

a. Wilson’s 14 Points (Peace Plan)

-New Nations (end European

Empires)

-End to secret treaties

b. League of Nations

-Countries to meet to resolve

problems

-Talking instead of fighting

c. Opposition to Wilson

-Allies want REVENGE against

Germany (France for invading)

-Payment of Reparations (Bill

for War)

• Who

suffered

most

deaths?

• What side

had

more?

• List TWO

reasons

why the

United

States # is

low:

Who ratifies all peace

treaties????

Official end of the “Great War”

3. Treaty of Versailles- 1919

a. Europeans kill Wilson’s plans

b. Many Americans don’t like treaty

-League of Nations? Tied to Old Europe??

-German Am. see it as too harsh

c. SENATE REJECTS TREATY

-Goes back to Isolationism

Leaders meeting at Versailles

Describe the evolution of the

foreign policy of the United States:

Provide a caption for each picture:

Predict what is happening!!!