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Sponge
• With your partner read End of Isolation and
Roots of Imperialism on pages 692-693
• On the BACK OF YOUR LESSON PACKET
answer (restate question in answer)
– Provide a SIMILE or METAPHOR to explain
IMPERIALISM
– What was the CAUSE of IMPERIALISM?
U.S. 1850:
Manifest Destiny
was fulfilled, by
what next????
World Expansion PRE-Test
True or False:
1. The United States gained Hawaii and Alaska from the
Spanish-American War
2. The Spanish-American war was fought in Spain
3. More people died in the Spanish American war from
disease than from battle
Pre TestMultiple Choice
4. The panama canal was built
a) To help irrigate otherwise dry Panama
b) To cut down travel time between the Atlantic and the Pacific
c) By Martians
d) Thousands of years ago
5. Teddy Roosevelt’s famous saying “Walk softly and carry a big stick” most
nearly means:
a) Always look to start fights
b) Fighting never solves anything
c) Don’t look for fights but always be prepared to fight one
d) Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me
6. World War I was started…
a) When the United States attacked Germany
b) Soon after a famous leader was assassinated
c) When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor
d) When the Nazi’s invaded Poland
7. One thing I ABSOLUTELY KNOW about World War I is…
I. U.S. EXPANSION (OBJ #1)
A. ‘Isolation’ keeps America Out
Policy to stay out of world affairs
(Policy since Washington/Jefferson)
Settling ‘West’ over (Manifest Destiny)
B. End of Isolation
1. INDUSTRIALIZED
Need RAW MATERIAL
(Keep factories going)
Need NEW MARKETS
(Place to sell goods)
2. Competition Around World
a. Europe dividing up world into
colonies
Objective #1: 1. Describe U.S. expansion around the world? Name two
future states who’s territory was added to the U.S. in this time period (What was a nick-
name for one?). How did the U.S. gain them? What –ism created the need for more
land, and what did we want from the new territory?
C. Geographic Expansion (where U.S. Grew)
1. Seward’s Folly (Alaska)
a . Bought from Russia (1867) @ 2
cents/acre
b. Public Upset – (Gold! changes minds)
2. Hawaiian Annexation
a. U.S. takes lead to keep Europe Out
b. SUGAR Industry get BIG
-Queen Liliuokalani takes power / limits
power of U.S. sugar growers
c. U.S. Growers overthrow Queen
- Hawaii is Annexed- 1900
3. America Somoa (Coaling Station for
U.S. Navy)
Alaska was called “Polar Bear
Garden” or Ice Garden at
first!!!
The
Queen
Sugar
fields
D. What fueled this expansion?
IMPERIALISM
1. The actions used by one
nation to exercise political or
economic control over a
weaker nation
a. Europe & America
gaining land around world
2. Great White Fleet- 1907
a. T. Roosevelt paints
American ships white
and sends it around the
world on tour
b. SHOWS AMERICAN
POWER
Route of the Great
White Fleet
U.S. Imperialism and the Great War (1890s-1910s)
Objective #2: Describe the causes and effects of the Spanish American
War. What event did Yellow Journalist use to get Americans behind the war? Name the
Spanish territory gained by the U.S.. What area of the world did the U.S. gain the most
power in after the war?
II. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (OBJ #2)
A. The Cuban Spark (1898)
1. Cubans rebel against Spain
(Jose Marti)
a. America Interested (why?)
2. Yellow Journalism
a. Newspapers Write about
Spanish Cruelty
3. USS MAINE EXPLODES!!!
a. President McKinley sends
Maine to Cuba
b. Yellow Journalist say
Spanish blew up ship
-Really was an accident (Spain not
dumb)
- Kills 260 American SailorsPuck magazine published this
cartoon depicting Cuba's difficult
situation in the 1890s
The wreckage of the Maine
Answer on last page of lesson
packet
What does the
BRUTE
represent?
How can you
tell?
What is the
point of this
cartoonist?
How can you
tell?
What
technique is
used?
Look closely at the headline:
B. WAR with SPAIN
1. Battle starts in Philippines
US Navy attacks Spanish Navy
2. Battles in Cuba
a. U.S troops enter Cuba
b. More troops killed by disease
than bullets
3. RESULT- “A splendid little War!!!”
a. America Wins an Empire
-U.S. Takes:
Cuba- Independent, but US can intervene if it
wants
Puerto Rico- Limited self- rule but are U.S.
citizens
GUAM & PUERTO RICO sold to US for
$20million
Philippines- Want Independence!!- Fight
U.S.
**Not given until 1946 (after WWII)
Sponge
• Use page 698 and 700 to COMPARE and
CONTRAST the Platt and Teller
amendments
• Give an example of YELLOW
JOURNALISM
• What event did yellow journalists distort to
push Americans towards WAR?
Use the following terms,
and the cartoon, to
explain the Spanish-
American War:
Yellow Journalism
“Remember the Maine”
“A splendid little war”
• Document B
• O.P. Austin, "Does Colonization Pay" The Forum, 1900
• "Modern progressive nations lying in the temperate zone seek to
control garden spots’ in the tropics. [mainly in Africa, Latin America,
and Asia] Under [the progressive nations] direction, these places
can yield tropical produce. In return, the progressive nations bring to
the people of those garden spots the foodstuffs and manufactures
they need. [Progressive nations] develop the territory by building
roads, canals, railways, and telegraphs. They can establish schools
and newspapers for the colonies [and] give these people the benefit
of other blessings of civilization which they have not the means of
creating themselves."
• Document C
• Source: Henry Cabot Lodge Republican Senator,
Massachusetts
• -Senate Speech, 1900
• …we are in the Philippines as righteously (honorably) as
we are there rightly and legally….The taking of the
Philippines does not violate the principles of the
Declaration of Independence, but will spread them
among a people who have never known liberty, and who
in a few years will be as unwilling to leave the shelter of
the American flag as those of any other territory we ever
brought beneath its folds.
• Document E
• Source: Anti-Imperialist League
• -Party Platform, 1900
• We hold that the policy known as imperialism is
hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an
evil from which it has been our glory to be free.
We regret that it has become necessary in the
land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that
all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We
maintain that governments derive their just
powers from the consent of the governed. We
insist that the subjugation of any people is
“criminal aggression.”
• Document F
• Export: something that is sold to another country
• Source: Mark Twain, New York World, 1900
• You ask me about what is called imperialism. Well, I have formed
views about that question. I am at the disadvantage of not knowing
whether our people are for or against spreading themselves over the
face of the globe. I should be sorry if they are, for I don’t think that it
is wise or a necessary development…There is the case of the
Philippines. I have tried hard, and yet I cannot for the life of me
comprehend how we got into that mess. Perhaps we could have
avoided it—perhaps it was inevitable that we should come to be
fighting the natives of those islands—but I cannot understand it, and
have never been able to get at the bottom of the origin of our
antagonism to the natives. I thought we should act as their
protector—not try to get them under our heel. We were there to
relieve them from Spanish tyranny, to enable them to set up a
government of their own…But now, why we have got into a mess, a
quagmire from which each fresh step renders the difficulty of
extrication immensely greater.
Objective #3: Explain the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. What
major U.S. accomplishment symbolized America’s power? What natural barriers did the
U.S. overcome to build it? What famous saying was used by Teddy Roosevelt and why
would other countries in the area not like U.S. policy?
III. Relations with Central & South America
A. Monroe Doctrine
1. Europe needs to say out of N. & S.
America
2. Roosevelt Corollary (Added to
Monroe Doctrine)
a. Right of the U.S. to preserve
law and order in Central & South
America
b. “SPEAK softly and carry a big
stick”
-1905 Dominican Republic
couldn’t pay debt so U.S. Navy
collected taxes
What is this cartoon
showing? What is the
opinion of the artist? How
can you tell?
1. How does this artist depict Teddy Roosevelt? Why would he do this?
2. What else do you see in the picture? Explain
The United States as a World
Power
c. RESULTS:
-American troops enter several countries
(Mexico, Dom. Republic, Haiti, Hondurus)
- Latin Am. with severe dislike of U.S.
B. PANAMA CANAL
1. Panama Isthmus (50mi.)
a. Mountains, Malaria, Columbia Owns it
2. Panamanian Revolution
a. US helps Panamanians when Columbia
refuse canal deal
3. Beating Mother Nature
a. 1st problem – DISEASE (malaria)
-Drained and cleaned to cut down mosquito
b. 2nd problem- Engineering
-Cut through rock & mountains
-Used a locks to raise and drop ships 85ft.
4. FINISHED – 1914 1st ship travels through
a. American fleet can now get through
to Pacific and Atlantic Ocean
b. Cuts 7000mi. off trip from NY to SF
Dr. Gorgas
How the canal works:
Maps
• Blue Book
– 637 Pacific Islands/Alaska
– 642 Spanish American War Details
• Red Book
– 693 Pacific Islands/Alaska
– 699 Philippines
– 700 Caribbean Sea
– Panama Canal
*Make a KEY on back or side and get creative
• Use the cartoon to explain the term
ROOSEVELT COROLLARY:
• Finish this statement: The building of the
panama canal was a HUGE deal
because...
Major Countries
Involved
Great Britain: King Edward
(take that Jacob)
Germany; Kaiser
Wilhelm
Russia: Czar
Nicholas II
Serbia:
Ottoman Empire:
Sultan Murad IV
Austria-Hungary
Franz Ferdinand
France: Prime
Minister Rene
Viviani
United States: President
Woodrow Wilson
Let the craziness
begin
Queen Victoria was the Grandmother
to King Edward, Kaiser Wilhelm, and
Czar Nicholas
German and
Austria-
Hungarian
leaders are
both German
speakers and
are culturally
linked
Russia and Serbia
are both ethnic
slavs and share
the same Eastern
Orthodox religion
United States is former colony of
Great Britain
United States has had millions of
German immigrants since the
Revolution
Austria-Hungary controls land that many
Serbians feel is their own
The
Ottoman
and Austrian
Empires are
both dealing
with ethnic
rebellion
within their
territory
Germany and Austria
Hungary agree to
protect each other if
one is attacked
(1882), Ottoman
Empire joins with
Germany in 1914
Great Britain,
France, and Russia
sign the TRIPLE
ENTENTE, agreeing
to protect each other
if attacked (1907)
Objective #4 Describe the events that led to World War I. What three major
ism’s played a role in starting war? Describe the Alliance System. What event (and
where) acted as the spark to WWI? How long after the war started did the U.S. join,
why?
IV. Causes of WORLD WAR I (OBJ #4)
A. The 3 –ISM’s
1. Imperialism – The actions used by
one nation to exercise political or
economic control over smaller or
weaker nations
a. Cased by competition from
Industrialism
b. Countries need new Markets &
Raw Materials for factories
2. Nationalism – Strong feelings of
pride and loyalty for a country or
culture
a. Competition means people start
cheering for their country to win
land & become proud
3. Militarism- Development and
building up of armies and navies for
competition
Imperialism and Africa: What
had the European Nations
done to the Continent of
Africa? Why were they able to
do this?
Imperialism and the Balance of
Power
Alliance System
B. Alliance System-
1. Secret treaties signed to
protect each country from the
others with all the –ism’s
a.Triple Alliance
-Germany –Austro Hungarian
-Ottoman Empire
b. Triple Entente (ahhn-
tahnt)
- Great Britain - France
- Russia (Add Japan & Italy)
Archduke Franz
Fernidand, heir to
Austrian Throne, is
assassinated by a
Serbian Nationalist
Austria/Hungary
declares war on
Serbia
Russia Vows
To protect
Serbia
Germany
Declares war on
Russia Germany
Declares war
on France
Germany invades
BelgiumGreat Britain Declares
War on Germany
The ‘Spark’
2. The Spark: Sarajevo 1914
a. Archduke Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungarian Empire
assassinated by Serb
nationalist
b. Austria Hungary- Blames
Serbia and makes demands
c. Russia- Protect “Fellow
Slavs” (Serbians)
Archduke Ferdinand and his wife
Alliance System comes into play
3. Alliance System goes into affect
a. Countries Mobilize armies (get
ready)
b. Austri-Hungary Declares war on
Serbia
c. Russia Prepares for War
w/ Austria
d. Germany tells Russia to Stop
e. Germany attacks France, hoping
to win quickly and then deal with
Russia (enters BELGIUM)
f. Great Britain has alliance w/ Fr.
& Russia
**NO STOPPING ONCE IT
STARTED!!!!
Analyze: Looking at the map, what
advantage do the Allied powers have?
American Reaction… what is the
ism that applies???C. America’s Neutrality
1. Immigrants = 1/3 population and many like home country
2. Trade, can make $ for selling to both sides
-British blockade Germany and take goods
**Is U.S. really neutral
-U-Boats Torpedo ships going to Britain
3. Isolationism still U.S. Policy
-Wilson elected- “He kept us out of war”
E. The WAR (1915) (OBJ #4)
1. The industrialization of warfare:
New Technology Kills
a. machine gun: Can fire up to 600 bullets a minute (the equivalent
of 250 men with rifles)
b. Poison Gas: Chlorine, Phosphane, mustard gas used by Germans
c. Airplanes
-Germans used Zeppelins- Blimp
d. U-Boats (Submarines)
-Sank supply ships going to Britain
-Helps to bring Am. into War
e. Tanks: response to Trench
Warfare
2. Results: Trench Warfare
-Miles of trenches, dirty, muddy, horrible
-Tanks end trenches but too late
-mainly due to invention: Machine Gun
**Generals fight ‘Old’ Way= Millions Killed
German infantrymen operating a
machine gun during World War I.
American troops wearing gas masks during World War I.
The soldier at left, unable to get his mask on in time,
clutches his throat as he breathes in the poisonous gas
Jan 16th,
1917
D. End of Neutrality
1. German U-boat Policy (subs)
-Germany will sink all ships going to Allies
-German u-boats sink the Lusitania, a British passenger ship from New York killing 1,000 (128 Americans)
2. Zimmerman Telegram
-Germany tries to get Mexico to start war with U.S. (Get back lost land)
3. Russians Withdraw
-Bolsheviks overthrow Czar (Communist)
-Lenin withdraws Troops
***AMERICA ENTERS- April 1917***
What’s happening at the time:
- British Starving
- French Refusing to Fight
- Russians Withdraw
- U-boats Sinking Many Ships
With your partner…
• Look FOR EVIDENCE for the essential
question page
– Your essential question is to EXPLAIN THE
IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WARFARE:
– Key word is INDUSTRY: Basically, how did
INDUSTRY change War????/
– My claim would be: During the late 1800 and
early 1900’s, industry not only led to war, it
also made war more deadly than ever before!
A. The War at Home
1. Supplies for the War
a. Factories need workers (men at war)
-Women, African Americans
-Af. Am. Out of South
(Great Migration)
b. Paying for Supplies
-Liberty Bonds (Let gov’t borrow $$)
-Higher Taxes
2. Propaganda – Ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion
a. Used by all countries to get citizens
support
b. Posters / Radio / Newspapers all have messages against the “Bad Guys”
- Many Based on Race & Stereotypes
How does this ad play to
your emotion? How does it
make you feel?
B. The War Ends (Revenge Begins)
1. American Troops Refresh Allies
a. Gen. Pershing Refuses to let Americans serve under allies (keeps them separate)
b. Germany can’t keep up once Fresh American army shows up.
c. Germans request Armistice
11/11/18 (what holiday is this day
today????)
-Germans shocked because of propaganda
-Wilson stops fighting w/conditions
Surrender of German U-
boats at end of WWI
Wilson’s attempt at Peace
2. Wilson’s Struggle for Peace
a. Wilson’s 14 Points (Peace Plan)
-New Nations (end European
Empires)
-End to secret treaties
b. League of Nations
-Countries to meet to resolve
problems
-Talking instead of fighting
c. Opposition to Wilson
-Allies want REVENGE against
Germany (France for invading)
-Payment of Reparations (Bill
for War)
• Who
suffered
most
deaths?
• What side
had
more?
• List TWO
reasons
why the
United
States # is
low:
Who ratifies all peace
treaties????
Official end of the “Great War”
3. Treaty of Versailles- 1919
a. Europeans kill Wilson’s plans
b. Many Americans don’t like treaty
-League of Nations? Tied to Old Europe??
-German Am. see it as too harsh
c. SENATE REJECTS TREATY
-Goes back to Isolationism
Leaders meeting at Versailles
Describe the evolution of the
foreign policy of the United States:
Provide a caption for each picture:
Predict what is happening!!!