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Chapter Introduction

Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2: Conflicts Over Land

Section 3: Jackson and the Bank

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Chapter Intro

Jacksonian Democracy

Essential Question How did political beliefs and events shape Andrew Jackson’s presidency?

Chapter Intro

Conflicts Over Land

Essential Question How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency affect Native Americans?

Chapter Intro

Jackson and the Bank

Essential Question How do economic issues affect the president and presidential elections?

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-Essential Question

How did political beliefs and events shape Andrew Jackson’s presidency?

Section 1-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• majority

• plurality

• spoils system

• caucus

• nominating convention

• tariff

• nullify

• secede

Academic Vocabulary

• select

• participate

Reading Guide

Section 1-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Andrew Jackson

• John Quincy Adams

• Nullification Act

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

Section 1-Polling Question

How do you think the president should be chosen?

A. By the current system with an electoral college

B. By the popular vote of the people

C. By the Congress 0% 0%0%

Section 1

Elections of 1824 and 1828

John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson introduced new ways of campaigning in the presidential elections of 1824 and 1828.

Section 1

• When Monroe declined to seek a third term in office, four Republicans competed for the presidency:

– William H. Crawford of Georgia

– Henry Clay of Kentucky

– Andrew Jackson of Tennessee

– John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts

Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)

Presidential Elections

Section 1

• Although he won a plurality in the electoral votes, Jackson did not receive a majority of the electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to select the new president.

• John Quincy Adams, who advocated strong national programs and improvements, was chosen and appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State.

Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)

Presidential Elections

Section 1

• By 1828, the Republican Party had divided into two separate parties.

– The Democratic Republicans supported Andrew Jackson and states’ right.

– The National Republicans supported Adams and favored a strong central government.

Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)

Presidential Elections

Section 1

• New aspects of campaigning emerged in the 1828 election. These included:

– Mudslinging

– Campaign slogans

– Rallies and other events

– Campaign buttons and other souvenirs

Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)

Presidential Elections

• Jackson won the 1828 election in a landslide.

Section 1

Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)

Presidential Elections

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Who won the Republican Party nomination in the presidential election of 1824?

A. William Crawford

B. Andrew Jackson

C. Henry Clay

D. John Quincy Adams

Section 1

Jackson as President

Andrew Jackson made the American political system more democratic.

Section 1

• President Jackson promoted “equal protection and equal benefits” for all Americans and made it easier for those who did not own property to vote.

• Male sharecroppers, factory workers, and others could now participate in the election process, but women, Native Americans, and African Americans were still denied suffrage.

Jackson as President (cont.)

Section 1

• Andrew Jackson created the spoils system, firing government employees and replacing them with his own supporters.

• Jackson’s supporters also changed the electoral process, eliminating the caucus system and replacing it with nominating conventions.

Jackson as President (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Who could vote in the presidential elections of the 1820s?

A. Females

B. African Americans

C. White males

D. Native Americans

Section 1

The Tariff Debate

A fight over tariffs ignited a crisis on the question of states’ rights versus the rights of the federal government.

Section 1

• Tariffs promoted the purchase of American- made goods over European ones, favoring Northeastern factory owners.

• John C. Calhoun argued that states had the right to nullify a federal law if it was considered to be against state interests.

The Tariff Debate (cont.)

Section 1

• South Carolina passed the Nullification Act in 1832 and threatened to secede from the Union if the federal government interfered.

The Tariff Debate (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

How would Northeastern factory owners react to a high tariff?

A. They would be upset and oppose high tariffs.

B. They would decrease production of goods.

C. They would be very pleased.

D. They would consume more European products.

Section 1-End

Section 2-Essential Question

How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency affect Native Americans?

Section 2-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• relocate

• guerrilla tactics

Academic Vocabulary

• federal

• survive

Reading Guide

Section 2-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Indian Removal Act

• Indian Territory

• General Winfield Scott

• Trail of Tears

• Black Hawk

• Osceola

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2-Polling Question

Do you agree with the policy that the government can take control of private land if it believes it is in the best interest of the country?

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree

C. Somewhat disagree

D. Strongly disagree A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Section 2

Moving Native Americans

Thousands of Native Americans were forced to abandon their lands to white settlers and move West.

Section 2

• Many settlers wanted the federal government to relocate Native Americans tribes to the undesirable land West of the Mississippi.

• The Indian Removal Act, which allowed the federal government to pay Native Americans to move, was passed in 1830.

Moving Native Americans (cont.)

Forced Migration

Section 2

• In 1834 the Indian Territory was set aside in present-day Oklahoma for relocation of Native Americans.

• The Cherokee Nation refused to leave Georgia and took its case to the Supreme Court with Worcester v. Georgia.

Moving Native Americans (cont.)

Forced Migration

Section 2

• Many of the Cherokee resisted efforts to displace them, but were ultimately forced out of Georgia by General Winfield Scott.

• Over 4,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears.

Moving Native Americans (cont.)

Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

In Worcester v. Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that

A. Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee.

B. the “spoils system” was unconstitutional.

C. the federal government had no authority over Native Americans.

D. states had to support a national bank.

Section 2

Native American Resistance

Some groups of Native Americans attempted to resist relocation. Most were taken from their lands by force.

Section 2

• Sauk chieftain Black Hawk organized a group to move back into the Sauk lands in Illinois, but they were slaughtered by the Illinois state militia and federal troops.

• Using guerrilla tactics, the Seminole people of Florida—led by Osceola—successfully resisted relocation.

Native American Resistance (cont.)

– Only 110 government soldiers survived the Dade Massacre of 1835.

Section 2

• By 1842 most of the Native American population had been moved west of the Mississippi.

Native American Resistance (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Which tribe successfully resisted forced relocation?

A. The Cherokee

B. The Sauk

C. The Osceola

D. The Seminole

Section 2-End

Section 3-Essential Question

How do economic issues affect the president and presidential elections?

Section 3-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• veto

• depression

• laissez-faire

Academic Vocabulary

• institution

• symbol

Reading Guide

Section 3-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Henry Clay

• Daniel Webster

• Martin Van Buren

• William Henry Harrison

• John Tyler

• James Polk

Reading Guide (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3-Polling Question

Which presidential campaign slogan do you feel is most effective?

A. A Chicken in Every Pot

B. Tippecanoe and Tyler Too

C. Are You Better Off Than You Were Four Years Ago?

D. Ross for Boss A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Section 3

War Against the Bank

President Jackson forced the National Bank to close, and economic problems split the Democratic Party.

Section 3

• Believing it only considered the interests of the wealthy, President Jackson wanted to weaken the institution of the National Bank.

• Henry Clay and Daniel Webster formulated a plan with the president of the National Bank to defeat Jackson in the election of 1832.

• The plan backfired when Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the Bank’s charter and with popular support won reelection.

War Against the Bank (cont.)

Section 3

• Martin Van Buren was elected president in 1836, and shortly thereafter the country entered an economic depression.

• Van Buren believed in the principle of laissez-faire and established a new treasury system where private banks would not be dependent on government funds.

War Against the Bank (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Jackson attacked the Bank of the United States because

A. it was being run by corrupt elected officials.

B. it provided loans toall citizens.

C. it financed foreign business deals that put Americans out of work.

D. it was controlled by wealthy Easterners.

Section 3

The Whigs Take Power

After Harrison’s death, Tyler took the presidency in a direction that went against the Whigs’ goals, and the Whigs lost power.

Section 3

• The Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison, a hero of the War of 1812, to run against President Van Buren in the election of 1840.

• To gain the support of laborers and farmers, the Whigs adopted a log cabin as their symbol.

The Whigs Take Power (cont.)

Section 3

• Harrison died of pneumonia shortly after taking office, and his running mate, John Tyler, became president.

• The Whig party became increasingly divided and ultimately lost the 1844 election to Democratic candidate James Polk.

The Whigs Take Power (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What was the reason the Whigs won the 1840 election?

A. They made a “corrupt bargain” with Henry Clay to steal the presidency.

B. The Democrats split over Van Buren.

C. They ended the Panic of 1837.

D. They gained support from farmers and laborers rather than the wealthy elite.

Section 3-End

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Vocab1

majority 

more than half

Vocab2

plurality 

largest single share

Vocab3

spoils system 

practice of handing out government jobs to supporters; replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

Vocab4

caucus 

a meeting held by a political party to choose its party’s candidate for president or to decide policy

Vocab5

nominating convention 

system in which delegates from the states selected the party’s presidential candidate

Vocab6

tariff 

a tax on imports or exports

Vocab7

nullify 

to cancel or make ineffective

Vocab8

secede 

to leave or withdraw

Vocab9

select 

choose

Vocab10

participate 

take part in

Vocab11

relocate 

to force a person or group of people to move

Vocab12

guerrilla tactics 

referring to surprise attacks or raids rather than organized warfare

Vocab13

federal 

the national or central governing authority

Vocab14

survive 

continue to live

Vocab15

veto 

to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law

Vocab16

depression 

a period of low economic activity and widespread unemployment

Vocab17

laissez-faire 

policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy

Vocab18

institution 

an organization

Vocab19

symbol 

an object that represents something else

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