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Soviet Union Under Stalin
Ch. 13.4
Totalitarianism
“A political system in which government has total control over the lives of individual citizens”
Totalitarian Governments
One leader becomes the symbol of government and state.
All opposition is suppressed. Informers and secret police help
ensure the power of the dominant party.
Propaganda, controlled by the government, glorifies the party’s leadership.
Party leaders appeal to nationalism to preserve the party’s power
Totalitarian State Five Year Plan
Government control of the economy Combined Marxist beliefs w/ “old-fashion” Russian
Nationalism Concentrated solely on the Soviet Union Stalin is determined to turn the USSR into a major
modern power Aimed at building heavy industry, improving
transportation & Increasing farm output
Totalitarian State Five Year Plan cont.
Command Economy Govt. officials make ALL basic economic decisions
Mixed Results Set high production goals
Heavy industry & transportation Bonuses given to those to succeed & punished those who
didn’t Govt. decided who worked, where & for how long Most had little to show for their efforts Poor quality and few consumer goods were produced
Industrial Output Industrial Output in the Soviet Union
Industry 1932 1938
Coal 64 million tons 132 million tons
Oil 22 million tons 32 million tons
Pig Iron 6 million tons 14 million tons
Steel 6 million tons 18 million tons
Autos 23,000 units 211,000 units
Tractors 50,000 units 176,000 units
Totalitarian State Forced Collectivism In Agriculture
Also brought under govt. control Collectives
Large farms owned & operated by peasants as a group
All farming equipment belonged to the collective State controlled prices & access to supplies Peasants resisted by destroying farm animals, tools &
crops Stalin responded w/ brutal force
Stalin’s Terror Tactics Terror as a weapon
Rights violated Private letters opened Planted listening devices
Secret police No free press (censorship) Critics were arrested and sent to Gulags
System of brutal labor camps
Stalin’s Terror Tactics The Great Purge
1934 Secret police crack down on old Bolsheviks Eventually targeted army heroes, industrial managers,
writers, & ordinary citizens Many were tortured, families were threatened, put on “show
trials”, or just sent straight to labor camps
Results of the Purge Increased Stalin’s power Huge losses of USSR’s most talented & expert thinkers Most of military leaders and ½ of the officers were lost
Society Under Stalin Communist Attempts to Control Thought
Stalin used propaganda to boost his popularity Posters, loudspeaker announcements, and newspaper articles
extolled Communism Books, music, and other art forms that were critical of Stalin
were censored He also tried to replace religion with communist ideology
Class order under Communism Put party members at the top Others endured shortages of food and consumer goods Did get free education and health care Women were treated as equals to men in the workplace
Foreign Policy Soviet Foreign Policy
Encouraged communist revolutions in other countries Through an organization called Comintern Organization supported revolutionary groups around
the world and created a “Red Scare” in the United States
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