Skin Disorders and Diseases

SKIN DISORDERS AND DISEASES

OMHS

Anatomy and Physiology Presentation

SKIN CONDITIONS IN ATHLETICS Can be caused or

made worse by athletic participation

Can be prevented with proper hygiene & ensuring that equipment & shoes fit properly

Usually caused by bacteria or fungi that thrive in warm, damp areas

Infectious forms can spread rapidly in contact sports

ACNE MECHANICA

Results from heat, pressure, occlusion, and friction

Usually occurs on shoulders, back, head

Common result when using tight, synthetic clothing, helmets, & shoulder pads

FUNGAL INFECTIONS Occur in warm, moist areas of body Tinea pedis: fungal infection that

thrives in warmth & dampness; often referred to as Athlete’s Foot or ringworm

Tinea Cruris: fungal infection found in the groin area; often referred to as Jock Itch

FUNGAL INFECTIONS, CONT. Symptoms:

Inflammation Burning Itching Scaling Blistering

Treatment Goal: Reduce moisture Avoid

transmission

Treatment At home, take off shoes &

expose feet to air Change socks &

underwear daily Dry feet carefully after

using public locker room Avoid walking barefoot in

public areas Don’t wear thick clothing

for long periods in warm weather

Throw away worn out shoes

Do not share shoes, headgear, towels

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

ATHLETE’S FOOTAthlete's foot can cause itching, stinging and burning between your toes. It may also cause cracking, peeling skin.

HERPES GLADIATORUM Type of herpes

fungal infection Transmitted by

virus through skin-to-skin contact (ex. wrestling)

Treatment: topical & oral antifungal medications

Out 10-15 days

BLISTERS Caused by friction,

along with heat & moisture

Tear occurs, forming space between layers of skin

Fluid seeps into space-skin bubbles

Treatment: Relieve pain Keep blister from

enlarging Avoid infection

Prevention: Keep skin lubricated Properly fitting shoes

& socks

BLISTERS

PLANTAR WARTS

Small, hard growths on the bottom of the foot

Caused by a virus; contagious

Treatment: cutting, burning, freezing off

Prevention: DON’T WALK BAREFOOT @ SCHOOL/GYM--EVER

MRSA : METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Type of staph infection resistant to antibiotics

Transmission Person-to-person contact Poor hygiene Shared equip., towels Improperly cleaned

equipment

Symptoms A skin abscess Drainage of pus or

other fluids from the site

Fever Warmth/Reddening

around the infected area

Diagnosis Only through

microbial testing Treatment:

Surgically excised Powerful antibiotics

MRSA

10 WAYS TO AVOID MRSA Keep hands clean Shower immediately

following activity Avoid whirlpools or

common tubs Avoid sharing towels,

razors, daily athletic gear

Properly wash athletic gear & towels after each use

Maintain clean facilities & equipment

Inform or refer to appropriate health care

Administer or seek first aid

Encourage health care professionals to seek bacterial cultures for proper diagnosis

Care & cover skin lesions/cut properly before participation

PSORIASISPsoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. It commonly causes red, scaly patches to appear on the skin, although some patients have no dermatological symptoms.

PSORIASISPsoriasis is not contagious.

PORT-WINE STAIN

Port-wine stain is a flat pink, red, or purplish discoloration present at birth due to malformed blood vessels.

Port-wine stains are harmless, permanent discolorations. However, their cosmetic appearance may be psychologically bothersome or even devastating.

VITILIGO A chronic disorder

that causes depigmentation of patches of skin. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation, die or are unable to function.

VITILIGOThe cause of vitiligo is unknown, but research suggests that is may arise from autoimmune, genetic, oxidative stress, neural, or viral causes. The incidence worldwide is less than 1%.

Malignant melanoma – Cancerous melanocytes grow and spread quickly.

• 2% of all cancersRisks:1. Skin type2. Sun exposure3. Family history4. Age5. Immunological status

• A= asymmetry• B= border• C= color• D= diameter

Normal mole Melanoma

ACTINIC KERATOSIS

Caused by sun damage. Can lead to squamous cell carcinoma.

BASAL CELL CARCINOMAThe most common skin cancer. Treatment is usually surgical removal. Survival rate is very good.

UNTREATED…..

Nomenclature Traditional nomenclature Depth Clinical findings Example

Superficial thickness first degree Epidermis

involvementErythema, significant pain, lack of blisters

Partial thickness – superficial

second degree

Superficial (papillary) dermis

Blisters, clear fluid, and pain

Partial thickness – deep

third degree Deep (reticular) dermis

Whiter appearance or fixed red staining (no blanching), reduced sensation

Full thickness fourth degree*

Epidermis, Dermis, and complete destruction to subcutaneous fat, eschar formation and minimal pain, requires skin grafts

Charred or leathery, thrombosed blood vessels, insensate

A description of the traditional and current classifications of burns.

INGROWN TOENAIL: A common disorder

that occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the skin of the toe particularly on the big (great) toe. The corner of the nail curves down into the skin, often due to mis-trimming of the nail, or due to shoes that are too tight. An ingrown toenail can be painful and lead to infection.

FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION: The most common fungus infection of

the nails is onychomycosis. Onychomycosis makes the nails look white and opaque, thickened, and brittle.

MALE PATTERN BALDNESSBaldness is the state of having no hair or lacking hair where it often grows, especially on the head. The most common form of baldness is a progressive hair thinning condition called androgenic alopecia or "male pattern baldness" that occurs in adult male humans.

Aging of the Integument● Skin repair processes take longer due to reduced number and activity of stem cells.● Skin forms wrinkles and becomes less resilient.● Skin’s immune responsiveness is diminished.● Skin becomes drier due to decreased sebaceous gland activity.● Altered skin and hair pigmentation.

Aging of the Integument Con’t.

● Sweat production diminishes.● Blood supply to the dermis is reduced leading to impaired thermoregulation.● Hair thinning and loss.● Integumentary production of vitamin D3 diminishes.● Development of skin cancers.

A BABY SOFT INTEGUMENT… Lanugo is a fine, downy layer of hair that covers

your baby's body while in the womb. It helps to hold the vernix in place.

Vernix, technically known as “Vernix Casoesa,” is a cheesy or waxy white substance that is found coating the skin of newborn babies. Vernix is secreted by the baby’s sebaceous glands while it is still in the uterus. Vernix is thought to protect the baby’s skin from the amniotic fluid surrounding it. Without the vernix, the baby’s skin would become wrinkly, much like regular human skin that has been in the water for too long. Some research has suggested that the vernix has antibacterial properties, and helps keep the unborn baby from infections.

Milia are small white bumps on the skin of newborn babies, resulting from accumulations of sebaceous gland material.

TAKE GOOD CARE OF THE SKIN Y0U’RE IN!