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sirodgze2010
HARDWOOD – ‘deciduous’ broad leaves ex: narra, yakal, kamagong oak, walnut, maple, etc.
SOFTWOOD – ‘coniferous’ needle-like leaves ex: tanguile, apitong, lauan, fine, fir, etc.
HARDWOOD
NARRA – furniture, panelling, flooring, door panels, stairs, plywood and veneer
YAKAL and GUIJO – post and girders, jambs attached to concrete, wooden decks exposed to weather
KAMAGONG – chests, jewel boxes
SOFTWOOD
TANGUILE, APITONG & PHIL MAHOGANY – most common lumber in the market, for framing, joists, trusses, nailers etc.
WHITE & RED LAUAN – for framing, chests and jewel boxes
DAO – for panelings, and plywood veneer
Categories of Lumber
YARD LUMBER – ordinary light construction and finishing works, consists of 1 to 2 in. (thk) material manufactured to boards, roof plank, flooring, sidings and moldings of all kinds.
Categories of Lumber
SHOP LUMBER – usually left in 1 to 2 in. rough thickness often contain knots and defects, intended for use in shop or mills, sash, doors, cabinets, etc.
Categories of Lumber
STRUCTURAL LUMBER – usually cut into timbers 3 to 4 in. (or more) thick, intended for use in heavy construction.
Categories of Lumber
LAMINATED SHEETS/BOARDS
Plywood is a type of manufactured wood made from thin sheets of wood. The layers are glued together so that adjacent plies have their wood grain at right angles to each other for greater strength.
Categories of Lumber
LAMINATED BOARDS Plyboard the core is
made of board strips.
Categories of Lumber
LAMINATED BOARDS Particle board
made by combining wood particles with resin binders
Categories of Lumber
LAMINATED BOARDS Flake board made
by combining wood flakes with resin binders.
Categories of Lumber
ENGINEERED WOOD Medium-density
fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product formed by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibers, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. MDF is more dense than plywood.
Categories of Lumber
Advantages: (MDF) super smooth finish eliminates the need for
seasoning ensures no warping,
cracking, splitting or knot formation
excellent dimensional stability
has machinability as its premium property
highly resistant to ‘anay’ (termites) , ‘bokbok’ and other insects
Categories of Lumber
Advantages: (HDF) abrasion and dent
resistant Easy care and hygienic Flamer/burn resistant excellent dimensional
stability stain resistant highly resistant to ‘anay’
(termites) , ‘bokbok’ and other insects
Adhesives The types of adhesives used in engineered wood
include: Urea-formaldehyde resins (UF)
most common, most cheap, and not waterproof. Phenol-formaldehyde resins (PF)
yellow/brown, and commonly used for exterior exposure products.
Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) white, heat and water resistant, and often used in
exposed surfaces in more costly designs. Methylene diphenyl disocyanate (MDI) or
polyurethane (PU) resins expensive, generally waterproof, and do not contain
formaldehyde.
Seasoning
Air dryingis the drying of timber by exposing it to the air. The technique of air drying consists mainly of making a stack of sawn timber (with the layers of boards separated by stickers) on raised foundations, in a clean, cool, dry and shady place.
Seasoning
kiln dryingThe process of kiln drying consists basically of introducing heat. This may be directly, using natural gas and/or electricity.
Fastening materials wood glue nail dowel Screw joints
Wood Joints butt joint rabbet joint
lap joint
Wood Joints Mortise and
tenon joint Dovetail joint
dowelled joint
Wood Joints biscuit joint Dovetail joint
special joint
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