sirodgze2010

HARDWOOD – ‘deciduous’ broad leaves ex: narra, yakal, kamagong oak, walnut, maple, etc.

SOFTWOOD – ‘coniferous’ needle-like leaves ex: tanguile, apitong, lauan, fine, fir, etc.

HARDWOOD

NARRA – furniture, panelling, flooring, door panels, stairs, plywood and veneer

YAKAL and GUIJO – post and girders, jambs attached to concrete, wooden decks exposed to weather

KAMAGONG – chests, jewel boxes

SOFTWOOD

TANGUILE, APITONG & PHIL MAHOGANY – most common lumber in the market, for framing, joists, trusses, nailers etc.

WHITE & RED LAUAN – for framing, chests and jewel boxes

DAO – for panelings, and plywood veneer

Categories of Lumber

YARD LUMBER – ordinary light construction and finishing works, consists of 1 to 2 in. (thk) material manufactured to boards, roof plank, flooring, sidings and moldings of all kinds.

Categories of Lumber

SHOP LUMBER – usually left in 1 to 2 in. rough thickness often contain knots and defects, intended for use in shop or mills, sash, doors, cabinets, etc.

Categories of Lumber

STRUCTURAL LUMBER – usually cut into timbers 3 to 4 in. (or more) thick, intended for use in heavy construction.

Categories of Lumber

LAMINATED SHEETS/BOARDS

Plywood is a type of manufactured wood made from thin sheets of wood. The layers are glued together so that adjacent plies have their wood grain at right angles to each other for greater strength.

Categories of Lumber

LAMINATED BOARDS Plyboard the core is

made of board strips.

Categories of Lumber

LAMINATED BOARDS Particle board

made by combining wood particles with resin binders

Categories of Lumber

LAMINATED BOARDS Flake board made

by combining wood flakes with resin binders.

Categories of Lumber

ENGINEERED WOOD Medium-density

fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product formed by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibers, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. MDF is more dense than plywood.

Categories of Lumber

Advantages: (MDF) super smooth finish eliminates the need for

seasoning ensures no warping,

cracking,  splitting or knot formation

excellent dimensional stability

has machinability as its premium property

highly resistant to ‘anay’ (termites) , ‘bokbok’ and other insects

Categories of Lumber

Advantages: (HDF) abrasion and dent

resistant Easy care and hygienic Flamer/burn resistant excellent dimensional

stability stain resistant highly resistant to ‘anay’

(termites) , ‘bokbok’ and other insects

Adhesives The types of adhesives used in engineered wood

include: Urea-formaldehyde resins (UF)

most common, most cheap, and not waterproof. Phenol-formaldehyde resins (PF)

yellow/brown, and commonly used for exterior exposure products.

Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) white, heat and water resistant, and often used in

exposed surfaces in more costly designs. Methylene diphenyl disocyanate (MDI) or

polyurethane (PU) resins expensive, generally waterproof, and do not contain

formaldehyde.

Seasoning

Air dryingis the drying of timber by exposing it to the air. The technique of air drying consists mainly of making a stack of sawn timber (with the layers of boards separated by stickers) on raised foundations, in a clean, cool, dry and shady place.

Seasoning

kiln dryingThe process of kiln drying consists basically of introducing heat. This may be directly, using natural gas and/or electricity.

Fastening materials wood glue nail dowel Screw joints

Wood Joints butt joint rabbet joint

lap joint

Wood Joints Mortise and

tenon joint Dovetail joint

dowelled joint

Wood Joints biscuit joint Dovetail joint

special joint