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Simplified Physical and Simplified Physical and Simulation Modeling of Simulation Modeling of
Building OccupantsBuilding Occupants
A seminar in A seminar in ““Experimental and CFD Benchmark Studies of Experimental and CFD Benchmark Studies of Indoor Flow around Thermal ManikinsIndoor Flow around Thermal Manikins””ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Prepared by Vladimir Vukovic and Dr. Jelena SrebricPrepared by Vladimir Vukovic and Dr. Jelena SrebricThe Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State University
Presented by Dr. Atila Presented by Dr. Atila NovoselacNovoselacThe University of Texas at AustinThe University of Texas at Austin
22January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture work Future work
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture work Future work
33January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
BackgroundBackgroundKato laboratory, University of TokyoKato laboratory, University of Tokyohttp://www.cfdhttp://www.cfd--benchmarks.combenchmarks.comBenchmark Tests for a Computer Simulated Person (Nielsen et Benchmark Tests for a Computer Simulated Person (Nielsen et al. 2003)al. 2003)
44January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Measuring PolesMeasuring Poles
PIV
Temperature and velocity (L1, L2, L4, L5)Temperature and velocity (L1, L2, L4, L5)PIV (~ L3)PIV (~ L3)
55January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture work Future work
66January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Y
X
HumanSimulator 2
Simulator 1Human
Inle
t
Pole 4
Pole 3
Pole 2
Pole 1
Source 4
Source 3
Source 2
Source 1
Heat Flux Ratio for Human SimulatorsHeat Flux Ratio for Human SimulatorsCritical Simulation Parameters for Critical Simulation Parameters for Accurate CFD Predictions of Contaminant Accurate CFD Predictions of Contaminant Dispersion from Indoor Point Sources Dispersion from Indoor Point Sources ((HuHuet al. 2005)et al. 2005)
77January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Qc:Qr=3:7 Qc:Qr=7:3
Thermal:Thermal: Simulation ResultsSimulation ResultsConvection vs. Radiation (Convection vs. Radiation (Qc:QrQc:Qr))
88January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture work Future work
99January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Grid (in)dependence Grid (in)dependence -- TemperatureTemperature
On 2.4GHz Pentium 4, 1GB RAMOn 2.4GHz Pentium 4, 1GB RAM
and 20,000 iterationsand 20,000 iterations180,000 cells 180,000 cells 26h computations26h computations655,000 cells 655,000 cells 84h computations84h computations
1010January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Grid (in)dependence Grid (in)dependence -- VelocityVelocity
1111January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture work Future work
1212January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Simulation ModelSimulation ModelSimplified human manikin simulationsSimplified human manikin simulations
1313January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Simulation DataSimulation DataTotal Heat Flux = 76 WTotal Heat Flux = 76 WManikin Heat Flux = 22.8 WManikin Heat Flux = 22.8 WRadiation Heat Flux = 53.2 W + ? (through Radiation Heat Flux = 53.2 W + ? (through ““adiabaticadiabatic”” walls)walls)Simulation Domain: Simulation Domain: X x Y x Z = 56 x 62 x 62 X x Y x Z = 56 x 62 x 62 ≅≅ 215,000 cells215,000 cellskk--εε turbulence simulation modelturbulence simulation model20,000 iterations20,000 iterationsPHOENICS 3.6.1 CFD simulation softwarePHOENICS 3.6.1 CFD simulation software
1414January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Temperature ResultsTemperature ResultsSide viewSide viewFront viewFront view
1515January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Temperature ResultsTemperature Results
1616January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Velocity ResultsVelocity Results
1717January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Velocity ResultsVelocity Results
1818January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
DiscussionDiscussion
Diffuser boundary conditionsDiffuser boundary conditionsFlow rate measurementsFlow rate measurementsDiffuser design Diffuser design –– geometrygeometry
Thermal boundary conditionsThermal boundary conditions““AdiabaticAdiabatic”” wall temperatureswall temperatures
⇒⇒ Heat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficients
1919January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture work Future work
2020January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Heat Transfer CoefficientsHeat Transfer CoefficientsConvection coefficientConvection coefficient
((AwbiAwbi and Hatton 1999; and Hatton 1999; NovoselacNovoselac et al. 2005)et al. 2005)
airsurface
convective
TTq
h−
=
2121January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture work Future work
2222January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
SummarySummary
The following CFD parameters were The following CFD parameters were investigated:investigated:
grid resolution grid resolution convective to total heat flux ratio from convective to total heat flux ratio from human simulatorhuman simulator
““Critical Simulation Parameters for Accurate CFD Predictions of CCritical Simulation Parameters for Accurate CFD Predictions of Contaminant ontaminant Dispersion from Indoor Point Sources,Dispersion from Indoor Point Sources,”” Annals of Occupational HygieneAnnals of Occupational Hygiene
2323January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
ConclusionsConclusions
Steady state simulations vs. Real buildingsSteady state simulations vs. Real buildings
Dynamic simulationsDynamic simulationsParticularly appropriate for contaminant Particularly appropriate for contaminant simulationssimulationsUse simple human simulators (manikins), butUse simple human simulators (manikins), butAccurately determine boundary conditionsAccurately determine boundary conditions
Heat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficients
2424January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
OutlineOutline
BackgroundBackgroundHeat flux ratio for human simulatorHeat flux ratio for human simulatorGrid (in)dependenceGrid (in)dependenceResults and discussionResults and discussionHeat transfer coefficientsHeat transfer coefficientsConclusionsConclusionsFuture workFuture work
2525January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Flow visualization V, T, and C measurements
Future WorkFuture Work
2626January 25, 2006January 25, 2006 ASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, ChicagoASHRAE 2006 winter meeting, Chicago
Questions?Questions?Dr. Jelena SrebricDr. Jelena SrebricDepartment of Architectural EngineeringDepartment of Architectural EngineeringPenn State UniversityPenn State University
Dr. Atila Dr. Atila NovoselacNovoselacDepartment of Civil, Architectural and Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil, Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at Austin
EE--mail: mail: jsrebric@psu.edujsrebric@psu.eduhttp://http://www.engr.psu.edu/jsrebricwww.engr.psu.edu/jsrebric//
EE--mail: mail: atila@mail.utexas.eduatila@mail.utexas.eduhttp://http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/novoselacwww.ce.utexas.edu/prof/novoselac//
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