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8/12/2019 Session 1- The Hospitality and Tourism Context
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Session 1
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Dr Hadyn Ingram
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To expose and to help students understandand analyse: the nature and extent of the hospitality and tourism
context: breadth and scope
its homogeneous products and heterogeneity its simplicity and complexity
its systems and people processes
its customers and their needs and wants
its management issues
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Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure orbusiness purposes.
The World Tourism Organisationdefinestourism as travelling to and staying in placesoutside their usual environment for not morethan one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes. World Tourism Organisation (1995), UNWTO technical manual: collection
of tourism expenditure statistics, page 14.
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comprised of commercial organisations thatspecialise in providing accommodationand/or food, and/or drink through avoluntary human exchange, which is
contemporaneous in nature and undertakento enhance the mutual well being of theparties concerned.
(Lashley and Morrison (eds.), 2000:143)
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From Latin com (together) textere(weave) A weaving together, woven together
(Websters Comprehensive Dictionary, 1971: 28).
Background, circumstances, environment,
frame of reference, milieu, position, setting,situation, surroundings (Oxford Compact Dictionary, 1997: 156).
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Interrelated and interdependent networks: Tour operators, travel agents and tourism
organisations
Travel and transport operators
Leisure, recreation and entertainment venue Restaurants, bars, clubs and cafs
Hotels, resorts, motels, camping grounds, bed andbreakfast (B&B) establishments and hostels
Source: Kandampully, 2007
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Source: Johnson et al. (2011: 49)
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Genuinely hospitable Reciprocal motives: entertaining others
Vanity: showing off
Profit motive.
Like a doctor or nurse, do you have to c re
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PRIVATE COMMERCIAL
SOCIAL
HostPhysiological.Psychological needs
Dealing with strangersStatus and prestige
Making a surplusProduct, marketlimitations
Source: Lashley and Morrison (2001:4)
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Travel and transport Accommodation (lodging)
Food and beverages
Entertainment and recreation
Tourism offices or destination managementorganisations (DMOs)
Nongovernmental tourism organisations
Source: Okumus, 2010: 23
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Type Accommodation= hotels, motels, villas, timeshare
Quality Star rating, market (e.g. Budget)
Size Small, medium, large (SMEs dominate worldwide)
Geography Regions
Location Resort, city centre, rural
Ownership Independent, branded, franchised
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SIC Codes 2007 55.10: Hotels and similar accommodation 55.20: Holiday and other short stay accommodation 56.10: Restaurants and mobile food service activities 56.21: Event catering activities
56.29: Other food service activities 56.30: Beverage serving activities 79.11: Travel agency activities 79.12 Tour operator activities 79.90: Other reservations service and related activities 82.30: Convention and trade show organisers 92.00: Gambling and betting activities 93.21: Activities of amusement parks and theme parks
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OK, what exactly is the scope of hospitalityand tourism?
With the person next to you, prepare a listof the different types of hospitality andtourism organisations
You have 10 minutes to make your list.
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Hospitality and tourism occurs in a place orvenue or destination Minimalist view: about accommodation, food, drink
and experience
Is hospitality and tourism mere retailing? Goods and services are consumed in the venue, and
in retailing, goods consumed elsewhere
Managers involved in context of consumption and
the management of consumption, but not inretailing
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Inseparability (customer participates in serviceprocess)
Simultaneity (services created and consumed atsame time)
Perishability(services cannot be stored)
Tangibility(tangible and intangible components)
Heterogeneity(services vary considerably)
Cost structure (high investment and fixed costs) Labour intensive (rely on people to deliver
services)
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Free-standing
hospitality
businesses
Hospitality in
leisure venues
Hospitality in
travel venues
Subsidised
hospitality
Hotels Casinos Airports Workplaces
Holiday centres Bingo clubs Rail stations Health care
Quasi hotels Night clubs Bus stations Education
Cruise ships Cinemas Ferry terminals Military
Time-share Theatres Aeroplanes Custodial
Bars Sports stadia Trains Retailers
Restaurants Theme parks Ferries
Attractions
Health clubs
(Source: DrKW, 2001)
(Source: DrKW, 2001)
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SUCCESSFULHOSPITALITYCOMPANIES
Fast food Restaurants
HotelsPubs
Source: Brotherton (2000: 9)
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Arrivals grew by 4.4% in 2011 to 980,000,000and set to reach one billion in 2012
Receipts exceeded $US one trillion in 2011 Source: http://mkt.unwto.org/(accessed 7 June 2012)
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Hospitality contributed $30.1 billion in 2007 Tourism contributed 43.7 billion in 2009
(3.9% of GDP)
Forecast in 2020 73.2 billion, supporting1.2 million jobs. Direct and indirect benefits158.4 billion, 8.6% GDP and supporting 2.4million jobs
Source: The hospitality, leisure, travel and tourism Industry, (Covered by
the Sector Skills Council People 1st), Leicester and Leicestershire SectorSpecific Labour Market Intelligence, 7/5/11, accessed 11thJune 2012
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57% female 45% part time
44% under 30 years of age
Younger, transient workforce 30% bar staff and 40% waiting staff are
students
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Context is complex and not clear-cut Definitions are confusing
Not well researched
Characterised by SMEs Operations-centred
Important and growing
Workforce young and transient
People at the heart of the process
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Look at the websitewww.peartreeapartments.co.ukand get a feelfor what type of business it is
Salisbury Where is it?
What is it famous for?
What sort of hotel and tourism market is it?
Be prepared to answer questions and find outmore.
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http://www.peartreeapartments.co.uk/http://www.peartreeapartments.co.uk/Recommended