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Serbs and Roma in Serbs and Roma in Kosovo after 1999Kosovo after 1999
Mark LeeMark Lee
Geography 308
Russia and Eastern Europe
Prof. Zoltan Grossman
University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire
Spring 2005
http://www.uwec.edu/grossmzc/Yugoslavia1989.jpg
Kosovo’s AutonomyKosovo’s Autonomy
Enjoyed Enjoyed autonomy autonomy within Serbia within Serbia under Titounder Tito
Striped by Striped by MilosovicMilosovic
WAR 1998-1999WAR 1998-1999
http://www.eye.net/eye/issue/issue_10.11.01/funny/photos/twin-b.gif
VS.
Serbia
KLAKosovo Liberation Army
http://www.1uptravel.com/flag/images/y/yu-kouck.gifhttp://www.1uptravel.com/flag/images/y/yu-kouck.gif
War 1998-1999 cont.War 1998-1999 cont.
At least 5,000 Kosovars had been executed At least 5,000 Kosovars had been executed during civil war and ethnic cleansing of during civil war and ethnic cleansing of AlbaniansAlbanians
http://www.nato.int/kfor/kfor/facts.htm
Post-War KosovoPost-War Kosovo
Since Serbian forces retreated almost all of the Since Serbian forces retreated almost all of the 800,000 Albanian refugees have returned to 800,000 Albanian refugees have returned to KosovoKosovo
Tens of thousands of Serbs have left the area Tens of thousands of Serbs have left the area since since
NATO recognizes NATO recognizes KLA as Kosovo KLA as Kosovo Protection Force Protection Force (KPF)(KPF)
Roma In a PickleRoma In a Pickle
Disliked by Serbs for Disliked by Serbs for their Muslim religion their Muslim religion and Albanian namesand Albanian names
Disliked by Albanians, Disliked by Albanians, seen as willing seen as willing collaborators in Serb collaborators in Serb abusesabuses
http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kosov2/#_1_10http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kosov2/#_1_10
http://www.kosovo.com/home2a.html
Roma Serb
Roma and Serb communities 1991 Serb and Roma communities 1991
Serb (red) Serb (red) and Roma and Roma (purple) (purple) communities communities post-war post-war KosovoKosovo
ObilicObilic
UN Reports that UN restores homes for Serb UN Reports that UN restores homes for Serb familiesfamilies
Albanians force Serbs from newly restored Albanians force Serbs from newly restored homeshomes
April, 2004April, 2004Total number of Total number of destroyed Serbiandestroyed SerbianOrthodox ChurchesOrthodox Churches143 143
http://www.serfes.org/missionary/january2004-april2004report.htm
Serbs fleeing KosovoSerbs fleeing Kosovo
Estimates range from 65,000 to 345,000Estimates range from 65,000 to 345,000 In the capital of Pristina, there were over In the capital of Pristina, there were over
40,000 and now fewer than 10040,000 and now fewer than 100
Farmer Massacre July 1999Farmer Massacre July 1999
14 Serb farmers gunned down at close range 14 Serb farmers gunned down at close range with automatic weapons with automatic weapons
NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR) reported -- NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR) reported -- revenge-seeking ethnic Albanians revenge-seeking ethnic Albanians
http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9907/26/kosovo.02/
Farmer MassacreFarmer Massacre
Near Racak, a village of significant killing by Near Racak, a village of significant killing by Serbian police and military during the warSerbian police and military during the war
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/yugoslavia/trial2.html
Bijelo PoljeBijelo Poljenear Pecnear Pec
Site of Site of massacre of massacre of Albanians Albanians during warduring war
After war After war KFOR (NATO)KFOR (NATO) controlled areacontrolled area
Bijelo PoljeBijelo Polje
http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html
Bijelo PoljeBijelo Polje
http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html
Bijelo PoljeBijelo Polje
http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html
UNMIK Prosecutions UNMIK Prosecutions
““Only a small number of Albanians Only a small number of Albanians acknowledge that members of their acknowledge that members of their community persecuted the Serb minority.”community persecuted the Serb minority.”www.globalpolicy.orgwww.globalpolicy.org
The arrest on war crimes charges of Fatmir The arrest on war crimes charges of Fatmir Limaj, a former Albanian KLA commander, Limaj, a former Albanian KLA commander, spurred unrestspurred unrest
United Nations Mission in Kosovo
Airlie DeclarationAirlie Declaration
Virginia 2000 Albanian and Serb leaders met Virginia 2000 Albanian and Serb leaders met to take steps for peace to take steps for peace
Albanians insisted on full participation of Albanians insisted on full participation of Serbs in electionsSerbs in elections
Serbs contested they don’t have freedom of Serbs contested they don’t have freedom of living and movementliving and movement
Airlie Declaration cont.Airlie Declaration cont.
““We agree beginning today to a Pact Against Violence We agree beginning today to a Pact Against Violence to promote tolerance, condemn violence, prevent to promote tolerance, condemn violence, prevent negative exploitation of ethnic issues, and enable negative exploitation of ethnic issues, and enable physical integration and political participation by all.”physical integration and political participation by all.”`̀
““Particular attention will be given to eliminating Particular attention will be given to eliminating ethnic hatred and violence by and among children and ethnic hatred and violence by and among children and to preventing the use of children to promote violence.” to preventing the use of children to promote violence.”
http://www.kosovo.com/airlie.html
Mitrovica Riots March 2004Mitrovica Riots March 2004
Kosovar Albanian media reported that three Albanian Kosovar Albanian media reported that three Albanian children drown in Ibar River falsely reporting that children drown in Ibar River falsely reporting that they had been chased by Serbs with dogs they had been chased by Serbs with dogs
http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm
http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htmhttp://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm
The Riots ensued for 3 days, killing 19 injuring The Riots ensued for 3 days, killing 19 injuring thousands and destroying over 600 buildingsthousands and destroying over 600 buildings
http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm
http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htmhttp://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm
StalemateStalemate
Serbs boycotted elections based on mob Serbs boycotted elections based on mob violence of March 2004violence of March 2004
Kosovar Albanians want nothing short of Kosovar Albanians want nothing short of independence independence
Independence or IntegrationIndependence or Integration Both sides may want participation with Serb Both sides may want participation with Serb
enclaves joining Serbia and Albanian in Serbia enclaves joining Serbia and Albanian in Serbia joining Kosovojoining Kosovo
NATO opposes as new “ethnic cleansing”NATO opposes as new “ethnic cleansing”
Human Rights WatchHuman Rights Watchhttp://hrw.org/reports/2004/kosovo0704/5.htm http://hrw.org/reports/2004/kosovo0704/5.htm
Serbian Orthodox DiocesesSerbian Orthodox Dioceseshttp://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.htmlhttp://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.htmlhttp://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm page_01.htm
Grinitsas, Alkman. “Paradigm Slip, Kosovo Dispatch” Grinitsas, Alkman. “Paradigm Slip, Kosovo Dispatch” The The New Republic.New Republic. April 11, 2005. Found on EbscoHost April 11, 2005. Found on EbscoHost
CNN.comCNN.com edition.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9907/26/kosovo.02
PBS.orgPBS.orghttp://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/yugoslavia/trial2.html
Nato Websitehttp://www.nato.int/kfor/kfor/facts.htm
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