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01/26/2018
1
The Second New Deal
Notes Day 3
New Deal Unconstitutional?
• Supreme Court attacked New Deal programs
– AAA – govn’t can’t regulate agriculture
– NIRA – president can’t issue “codes of fair competition” to businesses
• Reform (this was the major focus)
–Wanted to make sure another depression would never occur again
• Security
– Created a new system to protect ordinary citizens from economic disaster
• Bonus of the 2nd New Deal?
– Labor reform
– Social security system
• $11 billion to public works
• Nine million jobs
• Hired artists, architects, writers, musicians
– Painted murals, designed buildings, wrote guidebooks, produced plays and concerts
Unemployment insuranceRetirement benefits
Grants for disabled and orphaned
• “safety net” to fall back on
• Paid out of a special tax on payrolls (unemployment) and wages (retirement)
• National Labor Relations Act aka the “Wagner Act”
– Gave workers the right to form unions, bargain collectively, and submit grievances to NLRB
– No “unfair” anti‐union practices
• Fair Labor Standards Act
– max. working hours & minimum wage
– Prohibited child labor in factories
• “Sit‐Down” Strike (1936)
– GM plant in Flint, MI
– Workers occupied the factory so it couldn’t be used
– Federal gov. wouldn’t interfere
– GM forced to recognize automobile workers union
Conservatives (Right Wing)
Reactions to the New Deal
• New Deal went too far
Liberals (Left Wing)
• New Deal didn’t go far enough
FDR super popular: even if not successful, he was actively fighting
the Depression
Democratic “Solid South” = workers, the poor, African
Americans, & other minorities
01/26/2018
2
“Court Packing”• FDR proposed Supreme Court redesign
– Pres. could add a new judge for every one over 70 that didn’t retire
–Would have let FDR appoint SIX new Justices
• FDR cut gov. spending in 1936 = Depression worsened immediately
• New Deal DID NOT end the GD… WWII did…
“Court Packing”• FDR proposed Supreme Court redesign
– Pres. could add a new judge for every one over 70 that didn’t retire
–Would have let FDR appoint SIX new Justices
• FDR cut gov. spending in 1936 = Depression worsened immediately
• New Deal DID NOT end the GD… WWII did…
John Steinbeck
• Told story of the “Okies” in The Grapes of Wrath
Langston Hughes
• Portrayed hardships of African Americans in his poems
Dorothea Lange
• Gave a face to the GD
Walker Evans
• Photos of tenant farmers in AL
Margaret Bourke White
• Photos published in LifeMagazine
“Escapism” via talkies and cartoons
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