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Scientific Measurements
The metric system
Metric Prefixes
Kilo = 1000
Hecto = 100
Deka = 10
Deci = 1/10
Centi = 1/100
Milli = 1/1000
Meters, Liters, Grams• Meters measure length• Liters measure volume• Grams measure mass
How Big?
A meter is about 39 inches A kilometer is 0.6 mile A centimeter is about the width of
your little finger A gram is about the mass of a paper
clip A kilogram is 2.2 pounds You drink 2 liters of pop
Other metric units
• Temperature is measured in degrees celsius or centigrade
• Heat/energy is measured in calories or joules
• Weight is measured in Newtons
• Mega = 1,ooo,ooo
• Micro = one millionth
• Nano = one billionth
K H D O D C M
Changing from one metric unit to another is called metric conversion
“O” is the space where meter, liter, or gram (the “base unit”) belongs
Kids Have Dropped Over Dead Converting Metrics
Let’s practice!
K H D O D C M
To change from one metric unit to another, we simply move the decimal point.
For example: 25.4 km = _____________ cm?
K-H-D-O-D-C is 5 places to the right 25.4 km = 2,540,000 cm
K H D O D C M
30 cm = ___________hm C – D- O –D- H is 4 places to the left 30 cm = 0.0030 hm
(this is the same as 0.003 hm) 14 dkl = _____dl D- O –D is 2 places to the right 14 dal = 1400 dl
One cubic centimeter = one milliliter
This cube’s sides areeach 3 cm. What is the volume of the cube?
Using water displacement,how many milliliters do you expect the waterto raise when the cubeis lowered?
Measuring volume of a solid by water displacement
Graduated cylinder measurement
• Volume is measured using a graduated cylinder.
• When reading a graduated cylinder, read the bottom of the meniscus.
Measuring water
If you wanted to measure 25ml of water, what instrument would you use?
Measuring water 2
If you wanted to measure 25 grams of water, what 2 instruments could you use?
Density of Water One milliliter of
water Has a mass of 1
gram Density = Mass
÷ Volume Calculate the
density of water
1g ÷ 1ml = 1g/ml
Scientific notation
Rules:1 digit before the decimal pointMultiply the number by a power of 10
Example: Write 34,000 in scientific notation.
Solution: 3.4 x 104
Write the following in scientific notation:
4,100,000 = _______________ 345,600,000,000 =
_________ 0.0456= ________________ 0.00000012=____________ O.00305= ____________
4.1 x 106
3.456 x 1011
4.56 x 10-2
1.2 x 10-7
3.05 x 10-3
Write the following in standard form:
4.67 x 103 =__________________ 3.112 x 105 = _________________ 3.112 x 10-4 = ________________ 4 x 10-6 = ___________________ 1 x 1011 = __________________
46703112000.0003112
0.000004100,000,000,000
That’s all folks!That’s all folks!
Time to try some on your worksheets!Time to try some on your worksheets!
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