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Scientific Inquiry and the Scientific Method. Understanding the World Around Us. Vocabulary Introduction. Observations/Facts you make with your senses that you know to be true . Quantitative : numbers Qualitative : descriptions that cannot be put in numbers. Vocabulary Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Scientific Inquiry and the Scientific MethodUnderstanding the World Around Us
Vocabulary Introduction
Observation (Facts)
Definition
Examples
•Observations/Facts you make with your senses that you know to be true.•Quantitative: numbers•Qualitative: descriptions that cannot be put in numbers
Vocabulary Introduction
Theory
Definition
Examples
•A time-tested concept that makes predictions about the natural world. Once proposed, it must be tested over again. It may be thrown out or modified.
Vocabulary Introduction
Law
Definition
Examples
•If a theory survives many tests it becomes a law. It summarizes observed experimental facts.
Vocabulary Introduction
Inferring
Definition
Examples
•An explanation or interpretation of observations.•Inferences are based on reasoning, not random guessing
Vocabulary Introduction
Prediction
Definition
Examples
•A forecast of what will happen in the future•Based on past evidence or observations.
Vocabulary Introduction
Observation(Facts)
Theory Law
Definition Definition Definition
Examples Examples Examples
•Observations/Facts you make with your senses that you know to be true.•Quantitative: numbers•Qualitative: descriptions that cannot be put in numbers
•A time-tested concept that makes predictions about the natural world. Once proposed, it must be tested over again. It may be thrown out or modified.
•If a theory survives many tests it becomes a law. It summarizes observed experimental facts.
Vocabulary Introduction
Inferring Prediction
Definition Definition
Examples Examples
•An explanation or interpretation of observations.•Inferences are based on reasoning, not random guessing
•A forecast of what will happen in the future•Based on past evidence or observations.
Steps of Scientific Inquiry Uses senses to make observations. Makes inferences or predictions based on
observations. Research the topic Form a hypothesis Design a controlled experiment to test the
hypothesis Perform the experiment and record data Draw a conclusion
Hypothesis is Accepted
Hypothesis is Rejected
Go back and redesign your hypothesis
Becomes a Theory
Accepted many times and proven mathematically
Becomes a Law
Variable • The one part of an experiment that is manipulated by the scientist
• Present in the experimental group, not present in the control group.
• Example:If you were testing the strength of different paper towels (like you did last year) the type of paper towel will be the variable.
A Controlled Experiment Has…
Control Group
Setup according to “normal” conditions
Experimental Group
Same as the Control Group, but with the variable
• They are exactly the same except for the experimental group having the variable(the one difference)
• The larger the sample size, the more accurate the results
Important Points:
Describe in detail your control group
Describe in detail your experimental group
What conditions are the same between both?
What is the variable (the one difference between the groups)?
Describe in detail your control group
Describe in detail your experimental group
Hypothesis Formation
If The conditions you are setting up (control group vs. experimental group)
Then Your predicted results. (what you think will happen)
Because
Your explanation for your predicted results. (why)
Independent Variable
The manipulated/experimental variable
This variable is the one you manipulate
What you the scientist can change
DependentVariable
The responding variableThis is what you measure in
the experimentThis variable’s value
depends on the independent variable. It shows the results of your manipulation
Experiment…Does adding
coffee grinds to plants help them grow faster?
Do people prefer Jerry’s Pizza or Lucio’s Pizza?
Dep:_____________
Ind:_____________
Dep:_____________
Ind:_____________
Data TablesTo Properly Create a Data Table
1. Title◦ The title must describe what is being
done. It must be in the following form.The Relationship Between the Independent
Variable and the Dependent Variable
2. Columns & Rows:◦ Determine the number of rows and
columns ◦ First row is for headings◦ 1st Column Independent Variable◦ 2nd Column Dependent Variable
Data Tables cont..To Properly Create a Data Table
3. Labels Label each column (what does
the data represent)4. Units
Put units for the numbers Example: ml, cm, etc…
5. Sort Data Place in an order, either least to
greatest or greatest to least.
Constructing a GraphTitle
Axis Labels and Units
The Relationship Between the Independent and the Dependent Variable
The independent variable goes on the x-axis (horizontal) and the dependent goes on the y-axis (vertical
Depende
nt
Variable
IndependentVariable
Constructing a Graph cont..
Line Graph vs. Bar Graph• Bar Graphs are used to graph
information that is not continuous. • Example: Mrs. Fugarino believes that
student’s behavior in class is directly related to the teacher’s hair color. She conducted a study and discovered the following results which are graphed below.
Steps of Scientific Inquiry
Uses senses to make observations.
Makes inferences or predictions based on observations.
Research the Topic
Form a Hypothesis
Design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis
Perform the experiment
Record dataDraw a Conclusion
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