View
2
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Roofing Materials Assessment
Prepared For: American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association2015 Annual Conference
Presented By:Melissa McCall WA State Department of EcologyLisa Rozmyn WA State University Stormwater Center
Photo by: Russ McMillian
Investigation of
Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff from
Constructed Panels in 2013 and 2014
Presentation Outline
• Study Objective
• Puget Sound Toxic Chemical Assessment
• Roofing Task Force
• Study Design
• Sample Collection and Procedures
• Results Discussion
• Summary
• Questions
A pilot study that will guide future actions and evaluations of
roofing materials and components
• Assessed stormwater runoff from one component of roofing systems:
roofing materials
• Results are not intended for making decisions or recommendations for
treatment practices to reduce toxic chemicals in roof runoff
• Will not recommend specific products for use by the roof
manufacturing community, construction contractors, roofing designers,
homeowners or others
Study Objective
Control of Toxic Chemicals in
Puget Sound 2007-2011
http://www.kenmoreair.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Reflect.-Refresh-Recharge.jpg
Estimated release of selected chemicals from roofing in the Puget Sound Basin
ChemicalEst. Range of
Concentrations (ug/l)
Est. Annual Release in
Puget Sound Basin (t/yr)
Contribution to Total
Anthropogenic Release
Arsenic <0.01 - 1.43 <0.01 - 0.84 19%
Cadmium 0.24 - 1.9 0.5 - 0.7 53% - 68%
Copper 4 - 1,850 12 - 43 3% - 29%
Lead <0.1 - 52 15 - 20 2% - 12%
Zinc 24.6 - 16,317 210 - 2,800 37% - 97%
PAHs 0.61 - 2.06 0.6 0.02%
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate a 0.14 <1%
Source: Ecology, 2011aa Annual Release based on amount of PVC and non-polymers used in Washington (Ecology, 2011a)
● Asphalt Roofing Manufactures Association
● Cedar Shingle & Shake Bureau
● Copper Development Association
● Environmental community
● International Zinc Association
● King County
● Metal Construction Association
● Single Ply Roofing Institute
Collaborative Approach
Roofing Task Force
Material SelectionResidential Steep-Sloped Roofs:
Asphalt Shingle (ASA) Asphalt Shingle with Algae
Resistant copper-containing
granules (AAR)
Material SelectionResidential Steep-Sloped Roofs:
Manufacture-painted
galvanized steel (PAZ)
Copper panel (CPR)
Material SelectionResidential Steep-Sloped Roofs:
Manufacturer-treated
Wood Shake (TWO)
Wood Shingle (WOS)
Material SelectionResidential Steep-Sloped Roofs:
Steep-Slope
Glass Control (GST)
Concrete Tile (CTI)
Material Selection
Commercial Low-Sloped Roofs:
Modified Built-up Roof with
styrene butadiene styrene
cap sheet (BUS)
Built-up Roof with oxidized
asphalt cap sheet (BUR)
Material Selection
Commercial Low-Sloped Roofs:
Ethylene Propylene Diene
monomer (EPDM)Modified Built-up Roof with
atactic polypropylene
granulated cap sheet (BUA)
Material Selection
Low-slope Glass control
(GLO)
Commercial Low-Sloped Roofs:
Thermoplastic Polyolefin
(TPO)
Sampling Procedures
10 rain events each between
2/21/13 – 4/19/13 and 10/30/13 – 1/28/14
Photo By Melissa McCall
Analysis:
• Total Metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc)
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
• Phthalates
• Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Parameters Analyzed
Hyetograph of precipitation with sample dates marked
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2/18 3/20 4/19 5/19 6/18 7/18 8/17 9/16 10/16 11/15 12/15 1/14
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
mm
)
Date 2013 - 2014
Rain
Event
2.75 - 23.25
0.0 - 141.25
1.27 - 19.30
1.17 - 3.70
0.51 - 4.57
0.0 - 0.25
3.8 - 11.4Average Temperature (deg C)
Round 1 & 2
RangesMetric
Sampled rain event duration (hours)
Hours preceding event with no measureable precipitation
Total precipitation (mm)
Effective rain intensity (mm/hr)
Peak rain intensity (mm/15 min.)
Minimum rain intensity (mm/15 min.)
Photo By Melissa McCall Photo By Nancy Winters
AAR AS CPR CTI PAZ TWO WOS GST
BUA BUR BUS EPD PVC TPO ZIN GLO
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.1
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20
Rain Event Number
Tot
al C
d (u
g/L)
Lab Result
Non-Detect
Detection
Ste
ep S
lope
Low
Slo
pe
A
Total Metals Results - Cadmium
GLO-GST
=control
Total Arsenic concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20
Arsenic
Indicates
statistically
significant
decrease
GLO-GST
=control
Total Cadmium concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20
Cadmium
Indicates
statistically
significant
decrease
GLO-GST
=control
Total Copper concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20
Copper
Indicates
statistically
significant
decrease
Total Zinc concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20
Zinc
Indicates
statistically
significant
decrease
GLO-GST
=control
Indicates
statistically
significant
increase
Comparisons
Median metals concentrations by panel
BOLD indicates significantly higher than control
BLUE indicates non-detect value
ORANGE indicates similar estimates to PSTLS (Puget Sound Toxics Loading Study)
Arsenic Cadmium Copper Lead Zinc
Asphalt Shingle 0.08 0.005 2.1 0.06 2.7
Asphalt Shingle with AR 0.21 0.005 30 0.05 6.4
Copper 0.05 0.015 1,905 0.22 4
Concrete Tile 0.35 0.005 0.63 0.32 4.3
Painted Galvanized Steel 0.07 0.005 0.56 0.18 52
Treated Wood Shake 1,385 0.105 825 0.03 8.8
Wood Shingle 0.12 0.005 0.74 0.04 5.6
Built-up with Oxidized Asphalt 0.08 0.005 0.46 0.04 2.5
Modified Built-up with APP 0.06 0.005 0.51 0.03 2.9
Modified Built-up with SBS 0.1 0.005 0.37 0.04 2.5
Ethylene Propylene diene terpolymer 0.07 0.005 0.38 0.13 57
Polyvinyl Chloride 21 0.005 0.43 0.17 5.1
Thermoplastic Polyolefin 0.06 0.005 0.48 0.12 3.5
Zincalume 0.08 0.005 0.5 0.18 114
Range Across all Panels 0.05 - 1,385 0.005 - 0.105 0.37 - 1,905 0.03 - 0.32 2.5 - 144
PSTLS Estimated Range 0.01 - 1.43 0.24 - 1.9 4 - 1,850 0.1 - 52 25 - 16,317
EPA Drinking Water Standards 10 - 1,000 50 -
Metals concentration (ug/L)Roof Type
Maximum, minimum and median total metals released (ug/m2)
Total Metals Released
AAR ASA CPR CTI PAZ TWO WOS EPD PVC ZIN
Maximum 14 5.1 33,632 4.7 757
Minimum <Control 0.8 1,157 <Control 14
Median 1-20 1.1 2.4 10,539 0.5 162
Maximum 2.5
Minimum 0.1
Median 1-20 0.9
Maximum 678 65 28,976
Minimum <Control <Control 4,756
Median 1-20 258 5.8 18,226
Maximum 27
Minimum <Control
Median 1-20 1.3
Maximum 816 150 1,929 3,142
Minimum 144 <Control 58 369
Median 1-20 323 41 650 972
Low-Slope PanelsSteep-Slope PanelsMetal Statistic
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Calculations done only for panels which released signifcantly higher concentrations from the glass control panel
● Study of panels as they age
● Roofing system components
Future Work
• More pollution? Less? Different types?
• Flashing, downspouts, gutters, HVAC
● Aquatic toxicology
● All steep-slope panels released at least one
metals concentration statistically higher than
the control panels
● Treated wood shake panel (TWO) released
the greatest metals concentrations of arsenic,
cadmium, copper and lead
● Components of roofing systems could
contribute to higher metals concentrations
In Summary
● Lower volume, lower rain intensity, and
longer antecedent dry periods produce the
highest metals concentrations
● The built-up, modified built-up, and thermoplastic
polyolefin (TPO) panels did not release metals
significantly higher than controls panels
● Roof length, contact time, and angle may
impact contaminate release
In Summary
Funding
National Estuary Program (NEP), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA)
Roofing Panel Donations
CertainTeed, GAF, IKO, Malarkey, Owens Corning, PABCO, Malarkey
Roofing, Copper Development Association, SPRI, Cedar Shake and
Shingle Bureau, Steelscape, Tile Roofing Institute
Construction
Jerry Iselin, Joe Russo, Sid Dinwiddie and staff, Marty Obando, Don
Guthrie and staff, Douglas French, Wayne Seale and associate, Peter
Parmeter, Paul Riesebieter, Kevin Kelly, Renee Ramey, Rick Olsen
Acknowledgements
Ecology Staff
• Bob Bergquist
• Joel Bird
• Andy Bookter
• Clint Bowman
• Ranil Dhammapala
• Rob Duff
• Michael Frieze
• Steve Fry
• Kyle Graunke
• Tom Gries
• Doug Howie
• Foroozan Labib
• Joan LeTourneau
• Dennis Lorton
• Brandi Lubliner
• Mike McKay
• Dean Momohara
• Evan Newell
• Dale Norton
• Diana Olegre
• Valerie Partridge
• Brian Pickering
• Nancy Rosenbower
• Donna Seegmueller
• Chuck Springer
• Ted Sturdevant
• Chuck Wilkowski
• John Weakland
• Leon Weiks
• Liz Werner
• Martin Werner
• Nancy Winters
Acknowledgements
Dinwiddie, S. 2013. Personal communication between Sid Dinwiddie of PABCO and Nancy Winters of Washington State Department of
Ecology. December 19, 2013.
Ecology. 2011a. Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound Phase 3: Primary Sources of Selected Toxic Chemicals and Quantities
Released in the Puget Sound Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. Publication No. 11-03-024.
https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/summarypages/1103024.html
Ecology. 2011b. Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound: Assessment of Toxic Chemical Loads in the Puget Sound Basin, 2007-
2011. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. Publication No. 11-03-055.
https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/summarypages/1103055.html
Ecology. 2013a. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Roofing Assessment - Investigation of Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff. Washington
State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. January 2013. Publication No. 13-03-105.
https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1303105.html
Ecology. 2013b. Addendum to Quality Assurance Project Plan: Roofing Assessment - Investigation of Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff.
Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. November 2013. Publication No. 13-03-122.
https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1303122.html
Fisler, D. 2013. Personal communication between Diana Fisler, Johns Manville, Littleton, CO, and Nancy Winters, Washington State
Department of Ecology, concerning practices used in manufacturing EPDM. June 27, 2013.
Howie, D. and F. Labib. 2012. Personal communication between Doug Howie, Foroozan Labib, and Nancy Winters, Washington State
Department of Ecology, precipitation data for Lacey, WA from the Western Washington Hydrology Model (WWHM) 2012 described in
the Washington State Department of Ecology Western Washington Stormwater Manual, Volume 3, Appendix IIIB. November 2, 2012.
Weather Underground. 2013. Weather Underground website for Lacey, Washington, Station KWALACEY6. Website accessed on June
15, 2013. http://www.wunderground.com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KWALACEY6&day=27&month=06&year=2013
Winters, N.L. and K. Graunke. 2014. Roofing Materials Assessment: Investigation of Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff. Washington State
Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. February 2014. Publication No. 14-03-003.
https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1403003.html
References
Questions?
Roofing Materials Assessment Publication (14-03-033): https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1403033.html
For More Information Please Contact:
Nancy Winters Dale NortonPrinciple Investigator Toxic Studies Unit Supervisor
wintersnl@Comcast.net dnor461@ecy.wa.gov
Melissa McCall Lisa RozmynPresenter and co-author Presenter
melm461@ecy.wa.gov lisa.Rozmyn@wsu.edu
Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound: Assessment of Selected Toxic Chemicals in the Puget Sound Basin, 2007-
2011 Publication (11-03-055) https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1103055.html
Recommended