Roofing Materials Assessment

Roofing Materials Assessment

Prepared For: American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association2015 Annual Conference

Presented By:Melissa McCall WA State Department of EcologyLisa Rozmyn WA State University Stormwater Center

Photo by: Russ McMillian

Investigation of

Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff from

Constructed Panels in 2013 and 2014

Presentation Outline

• Study Objective

• Puget Sound Toxic Chemical Assessment

• Roofing Task Force

• Study Design

• Sample Collection and Procedures

• Results Discussion

• Summary

• Questions

A pilot study that will guide future actions and evaluations of

roofing materials and components

• Assessed stormwater runoff from one component of roofing systems:

roofing materials

• Results are not intended for making decisions or recommendations for

treatment practices to reduce toxic chemicals in roof runoff

• Will not recommend specific products for use by the roof

manufacturing community, construction contractors, roofing designers,

homeowners or others

Study Objective

Control of Toxic Chemicals in

Puget Sound 2007-2011

http://www.kenmoreair.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Reflect.-Refresh-Recharge.jpg

Estimated release of selected chemicals from roofing in the Puget Sound Basin

ChemicalEst. Range of

Concentrations (ug/l)

Est. Annual Release in

Puget Sound Basin (t/yr)

Contribution to Total

Anthropogenic Release

Arsenic <0.01 - 1.43 <0.01 - 0.84 19%

Cadmium 0.24 - 1.9 0.5 - 0.7 53% - 68%

Copper 4 - 1,850 12 - 43 3% - 29%

Lead <0.1 - 52 15 - 20 2% - 12%

Zinc 24.6 - 16,317 210 - 2,800 37% - 97%

PAHs 0.61 - 2.06 0.6 0.02%

Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate a 0.14 <1%

Source: Ecology, 2011aa Annual Release based on amount of PVC and non-polymers used in Washington (Ecology, 2011a)

● Asphalt Roofing Manufactures Association

● Cedar Shingle & Shake Bureau

● Copper Development Association

● Environmental community

● International Zinc Association

● King County

● Metal Construction Association

● Single Ply Roofing Institute

Collaborative Approach

Roofing Task Force

Roofing Types in Puget Sound Basin

Roofing Material Selection

Photo by: Russ McMillian

Material SelectionResidential Steep-Sloped Roofs:

Asphalt Shingle (ASA) Asphalt Shingle with Algae

Resistant copper-containing

granules (AAR)


Manufacture-painted

galvanized steel (PAZ)

Copper panel (CPR)


Manufacturer-treated

Wood Shake (TWO)

Wood Shingle (WOS)


Steep-Slope

Glass Control (GST)

Concrete Tile (CTI)

Material Selection

Commercial Low-Sloped Roofs:

Polyvinyl Chloride

(PVC)

Zincalume ® (ZIN)

Material Selection


Modified Built-up Roof with

styrene butadiene styrene

cap sheet (BUS)

Built-up Roof with oxidized

asphalt cap sheet (BUR)

Material Selection


Ethylene Propylene Diene

monomer (EPDM)Modified Built-up Roof with

atactic polypropylene

granulated cap sheet (BUA)

Material Selection

Low-slope Glass control

(GLO)


Thermoplastic Polyolefin

(TPO)

Sample Collection

Photo By Melissa McCall



Sampling Procedures

10 rain events each between

2/21/13 – 4/19/13 and 10/30/13 – 1/28/14


Analysis:

• Total Metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc)

• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

• Phthalates

• Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)

Parameters Analyzed

Hyetograph of precipitation with sample dates marked

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2/18 3/20 4/19 5/19 6/18 7/18 8/17 9/16 10/16 11/15 12/15 1/14

Pre

cip

ita

tio

n (

mm

)

Date 2013 - 2014

Rain

Event

2.75 - 23.25

0.0 - 141.25

1.27 - 19.30

1.17 - 3.70

0.51 - 4.57

0.0 - 0.25

3.8 - 11.4Average Temperature (deg C)

Round 1 & 2

RangesMetric

Sampled rain event duration (hours)

Hours preceding event with no measureable precipitation

Total precipitation (mm)

Effective rain intensity (mm/hr)

Peak rain intensity (mm/15 min.)

Minimum rain intensity (mm/15 min.)

Photo By Melissa McCall Photo By Nancy Winters

Total Metals Results - Arsenic

GLO-GST

=control

AAR AS CPR CTI PAZ TWO WOS GST

BUA BUR BUS EPD PVC TPO ZIN GLO

0.01

0.1

0.01

0.1

5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20

Rain Event Number

Tot

al C

d (u

g/L)

Lab Result

Non-Detect

Detection

Ste

ep S

lope

Low

Slo

pe

A

Total Metals Results - Cadmium

GLO-GST

=control

Total Metals Results - Copper

GLO-GST

=control

Total Metals Results - Lead

GLO-GST

=control

Total Metals Results - Zinc

GLO-GST

=control

*

*

*

*

*

Total Arsenic concentrations across all panels

Arsenic

*

Total Cadmium concentrations across all panels

Cadmium

*

*

*

*

Total Copper concentrations across all panels

Copper

*

a

a

a

a

aa

Total Lead concentrations across all panels

Lead

*

*

*

*

*

Total Zinc concentrations across all panels

Zinc

Total Arsenic concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20

Arsenic

Indicates

statistically

significant

decrease

GLO-GST

=control

Total Cadmium concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20

Cadmium

Indicates

statistically

significant

decrease

GLO-GST

=control

Total Copper concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20

Copper

Indicates

statistically

significant

decrease

Total Lead concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20

Lead

GLO-GST

=control

Total Zinc concentrations from Events 1-10 compared to 11-20

Zinc

Indicates

statistically

significant

decrease

GLO-GST

=control

Indicates

statistically

significant

increase

Correlations

Peak intensity

has an inverse

correlation with

metals

concentration

Correlations

Length of antecedent dry

period has a positive

correlation with metals

concentration

Comparisons

Median metals concentrations by panel

BOLD indicates significantly higher than control

BLUE indicates non-detect value

ORANGE indicates similar estimates to PSTLS (Puget Sound Toxics Loading Study)

Arsenic Cadmium Copper Lead Zinc

Asphalt Shingle 0.08 0.005 2.1 0.06 2.7

Asphalt Shingle with AR 0.21 0.005 30 0.05 6.4

Copper 0.05 0.015 1,905 0.22 4

Concrete Tile 0.35 0.005 0.63 0.32 4.3

Painted Galvanized Steel 0.07 0.005 0.56 0.18 52

Treated Wood Shake 1,385 0.105 825 0.03 8.8

Wood Shingle 0.12 0.005 0.74 0.04 5.6

Built-up with Oxidized Asphalt 0.08 0.005 0.46 0.04 2.5

Modified Built-up with APP 0.06 0.005 0.51 0.03 2.9

Modified Built-up with SBS 0.1 0.005 0.37 0.04 2.5

Ethylene Propylene diene terpolymer 0.07 0.005 0.38 0.13 57

Polyvinyl Chloride 21 0.005 0.43 0.17 5.1

Thermoplastic Polyolefin 0.06 0.005 0.48 0.12 3.5

Zincalume 0.08 0.005 0.5 0.18 114

Range Across all Panels 0.05 - 1,385 0.005 - 0.105 0.37 - 1,905 0.03 - 0.32 2.5 - 144

PSTLS Estimated Range 0.01 - 1.43 0.24 - 1.9 4 - 1,850 0.1 - 52 25 - 16,317

EPA Drinking Water Standards 10 - 1,000 50 -

Metals concentration (ug/L)Roof Type

Maximum, minimum and median total metals released (ug/m2)

Total Metals Released

AAR ASA CPR CTI PAZ TWO WOS EPD PVC ZIN

Maximum 14 5.1 33,632 4.7 757

Minimum <Control 0.8 1,157 <Control 14

Median 1-20 1.1 2.4 10,539 0.5 162

Maximum 2.5

Minimum 0.1

Median 1-20 0.9

Maximum 678 65 28,976

Minimum <Control <Control 4,756

Median 1-20 258 5.8 18,226

Maximum 27

Minimum <Control

Median 1-20 1.3

Maximum 816 150 1,929 3,142

Minimum 144 <Control 58 369

Median 1-20 323 41 650 972

Low-Slope PanelsSteep-Slope PanelsMetal Statistic

Arsenic

Cadmium

Copper

Lead

Zinc

Calculations done only for panels which released signifcantly higher concentrations from the glass control panel

● Study of panels as they age

● Roofing system components

Future Work

• More pollution? Less? Different types?

• Flashing, downspouts, gutters, HVAC

● Aquatic toxicology

● All steep-slope panels released at least one

metals concentration statistically higher than

the control panels

● Treated wood shake panel (TWO) released

the greatest metals concentrations of arsenic,

cadmium, copper and lead

● Components of roofing systems could

contribute to higher metals concentrations

In Summary

● Lower volume, lower rain intensity, and

longer antecedent dry periods produce the

highest metals concentrations

● The built-up, modified built-up, and thermoplastic

polyolefin (TPO) panels did not release metals

significantly higher than controls panels

● Roof length, contact time, and angle may

impact contaminate release

In Summary

Funding

National Estuary Program (NEP), U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA)

Roofing Panel Donations

CertainTeed, GAF, IKO, Malarkey, Owens Corning, PABCO, Malarkey

Roofing, Copper Development Association, SPRI, Cedar Shake and

Shingle Bureau, Steelscape, Tile Roofing Institute

Construction

Jerry Iselin, Joe Russo, Sid Dinwiddie and staff, Marty Obando, Don

Guthrie and staff, Douglas French, Wayne Seale and associate, Peter

Parmeter, Paul Riesebieter, Kevin Kelly, Renee Ramey, Rick Olsen

Acknowledgements

Ecology Staff

• Bob Bergquist

• Joel Bird

• Andy Bookter

• Clint Bowman

• Ranil Dhammapala

• Rob Duff

• Michael Frieze

• Steve Fry

• Kyle Graunke

• Tom Gries

• Doug Howie

• Foroozan Labib

• Joan LeTourneau

• Dennis Lorton

• Brandi Lubliner

• Mike McKay

• Dean Momohara

• Evan Newell

• Dale Norton

• Diana Olegre

• Valerie Partridge

• Brian Pickering

• Nancy Rosenbower

• Donna Seegmueller

• Chuck Springer

• Ted Sturdevant

• Chuck Wilkowski

• John Weakland

• Leon Weiks

• Liz Werner

• Martin Werner

• Nancy Winters

Acknowledgements

Dinwiddie, S. 2013. Personal communication between Sid Dinwiddie of PABCO and Nancy Winters of Washington State Department of

Ecology. December 19, 2013.

Ecology. 2011a. Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound Phase 3: Primary Sources of Selected Toxic Chemicals and Quantities

Released in the Puget Sound Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. Publication No. 11-03-024.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/summarypages/1103024.html

Ecology. 2011b. Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound: Assessment of Toxic Chemical Loads in the Puget Sound Basin, 2007-

2011. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. Publication No. 11-03-055.


Ecology. 2013a. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Roofing Assessment - Investigation of Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff. Washington

State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. January 2013. Publication No. 13-03-105.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1303105.html

Ecology. 2013b. Addendum to Quality Assurance Project Plan: Roofing Assessment - Investigation of Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff.

Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. November 2013. Publication No. 13-03-122.


Fisler, D. 2013. Personal communication between Diana Fisler, Johns Manville, Littleton, CO, and Nancy Winters, Washington State

Department of Ecology, concerning practices used in manufacturing EPDM. June 27, 2013.

Howie, D. and F. Labib. 2012. Personal communication between Doug Howie, Foroozan Labib, and Nancy Winters, Washington State

Department of Ecology, precipitation data for Lacey, WA from the Western Washington Hydrology Model (WWHM) 2012 described in

the Washington State Department of Ecology Western Washington Stormwater Manual, Volume 3, Appendix IIIB. November 2, 2012.

Weather Underground. 2013. Weather Underground website for Lacey, Washington, Station KWALACEY6. Website accessed on June

15, 2013. http://www.wunderground.com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KWALACEY6&day=27&month=06&year=2013

Winters, N.L. and K. Graunke. 2014. Roofing Materials Assessment: Investigation of Toxic Chemicals in Roof Runoff. Washington State

Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. February 2014. Publication No. 14-03-003.


References





http://www.wunderground.com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KWALACEY6&day=27&month=06&year=2013


Questions?

Roofing Materials Assessment Publication (14-03-033): https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1403033.html

For More Information Please Contact:

Nancy Winters Dale NortonPrinciple Investigator Toxic Studies Unit Supervisor

[email protected] [email protected]

Melissa McCall Lisa RozmynPresenter and co-author Presenter

[email protected] [email protected]

Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound: Assessment of Selected Toxic Chemicals in the Puget Sound Basin, 2007-

2011 Publication (11-03-055) https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1103055.html


mailto:[email protected]





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Roofing Materials Assessment