Rev. Connie Madden MDiv, BCC Chaplain Coordinator St. Louis Children’s Hospital
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- Slide 1
- Rev. Connie Madden MDiv, BCC Chaplain Coordinator St. Louis
Childrens Hospital
- Slide 2
- Sacred Spaces: Learning Objectives 1. To understand what
elements are common to sacred spaces in the pediatric hospital
setting 2. To view research surrounding what aspects of our sacred
spaces are most helpful for family coping 3. To create our own
sacred space design
- Slide 3
- Definition of a Sacred Space in a Hospital Setting A
therapeutic space for a designated purpose Intention is to help
patients and families connect with meaning, to provide restoration,
to connect with faith resources To liberate families and patients,
if only temporarily, from the captivity of the health care
environment
- Slide 4
- History of Healthcare Setting (Whitehouse, Varni, Seid, et. al,
2001) In the Middle Ages, monasteries offered patients courtyards
bordering rooms, seasonal plants, and places to sit or walk.
(Warner, 1995)
- Slide 5
- History of Healthcare Setting (Whitehouse, Varni, Seid, et. al,
2001) Germ Theory of Illness of Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard in
the 19 th century changed focus of disease treatment and hospital
function to sterile, contained environment, with patient comfort as
a low priority. (Lindheim & Syme, 1983)
- Slide 6
- History of Healthcare Setting (Whitehouse, Varni, Seid, et. al,
2001) Increased healthcare competition and focus on patient
satisfaction in the United States in the 1990s with new research on
psychology of architecture changed priorities for space
utilization. (Horsburgh, 1995)
- Slide 7
- Movement to Family Centered Care (www.ipfcc.org) The Institute
for Family-Centered Care was established in 1992 to advance the
understanding and practice of family- centered care in all settings
where individuals of all ages and their families receive care and
support. In every encounter, health and human service professionals
will seek to build on the strengths of patients and families,
enhancing their confidence and competence. The health care delivery
system will recognize and encourage patient and family strengths,
choice, and independence. www.ipfcc.org/about/index.htm
- Slide 8
- Environment and Design: Family Centered Care
http://www.ipfcc.org/advance/topics/keyconsiderations.html Family
Support Art Play Areas Spiritual Support Information and Education
Nature and the Out of Doors
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- A true hospital should be a place where any of us would love to
go as to a vacation. TF Hanlin (Hanlin, 711)
- Slide 11
- What to consider for creating a Sacred Space (Horsburgh, 738)
1. Purpose and intention for space- -Meditation -Stress relief
-Interaction -Familiarity -Resources for participants -Specific
space needs
- Slide 12
- What to Consider for Creating a Sacred Space 2. Research Driven
Designs (Whitehouse, et. al., 302) 3. Budget (Whitehouse et. al.,
302) 4. Connection to Local Resources and History (Lindheim &
Syme, 352)
- Slide 13
- Types of Sacred Spaces in Hospital Settings Gardens Chapels
Bereavement Rooms
- Slide 14
- Efficacy of Integrating Nature in Healthcare Settings Gardens
can reduce stress and health related complaints among patients
(Cooper-Marcus & Barnes, 1999; Ulrich, 1984; Verderber, 1986)
Gardens increase patient and staff satisfaction (Paine &
Francis, 1990; Cooper-Marcus and Barnes, 1995) Gardens are
important for hospitalized children and parents (Strain &
Grossman, 1975; Horsburgh, 1995; Carpman & Grant, 1993)
- Slide 15
- How Gardens Impact Differing Age Groups Adults prefer natural
to urban landscapes (Ulrich, 1977; Balling and Falk, 1982; Orians
& Heerwegen, 1995; Schroeder, 1995) Adults prefer scenes with
trees, grass, water, visible sky, rocks, flowers and birds (Olds,
1989) During stress, going to nature helped adults mood improve
(Cooper-Marcus, 1995)
- Slide 16
- Important Aspects of Gardens for Children Children love
functional elements of nature, such as climbing, throwing, touching
(Gibson, 1979; van Andel, 1990) Children love places of refuge and
hiding (van Andel, 1990; Kirkby, 1989) Children need outdoor play,
opportunities for play leadership, connections between the
indoors/outdoors (Cooper-Marcus and Barnes, 1999)
- Slide 17
- Study at Childrens Hospital and Health Center, San Diego, of
the Leichtag Family Healing Garden (Whitehouse et. al., 2001) 52
adults, 12 children were surveyed, including staff, patients and
families Adults most enjoyed : -Sound of running water (33%)
-Bright colors (25%) -Being outside in a garden (23%) -Flowers,
trees, plants and greenery (23%) -Artwork (19%)
- Slide 18
- Study at Childrens Hospital and Health Center, San Diego, of
the Leichtag Family Healing Garden (Whitehouse et. al., 2001)
Children most enjoyed: -Artwork (83%) -Fountain, sound of running
water (83 %) -Being outside in a garden (33%) -Flowers, trees,
plants, greenery (33%)
- Slide 19
- Family comments about the St. Louis Childrens Hospital Garden
Even though I dont have it in me (to come), I want you all to know
how important it is to me that A. is mentioned in the garden. We
spent a lot of time here in the garden during all of her
treatmentsThe first circle window, she would get in there, sit and
look out. It was peaceful for her as bad as she felt through all of
her chemo. She loved to be outsideI thank all of you for the garden
- note from As mom for the memorial service last year
- Slide 20
- Uses for Hospital Gardens Visits by Family, Patients and Staff
Interactions and Discovery Craft Projects by Patients to
Decorate
- Slide 21
- Uses for Hospital Gardens (continued) Connection with
Community, concerts, celebrations, diversity awareness, artwork
Extubations, bereavement services Connection with the Seasons in a
Timeless Setting
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Chapels In the past, chapels have been designed according to
the affiliation of the healthcare setting (ie: faith-based,
military specifications, etc.) or donor preferences
- Slide 24
- Chapels Problems of Past designs Static faith elements often
excluded certain faith groups Static furniture impeded sense of
privacy and limited possibilities for use Generalized space became
like a waiting room versus sacred space
- Slide 25
- Hospitals Changing Chapel Design and Use (Kaiser unveils
meditation room, Roseville Press-Tribune, 2/5/11, Christian, Sena.)
Kaiser Roseville Medical Center had no official chapel or
meditation space --Meditation room became like a waiting lounge
because of lack of purpose and design --New space includes stained
glass window with nature symbols, chairs arranged for privacy but
not sleeping, prayer bowl for prayer requests, kneeling stools,
various religious sacred texts, prayer rugs
- Slide 26
- Hospitals Changing Chapel Design and Use (Kaiser unveils
meditation room, Roseville Press-Tribune, 2/5/11, Christian, Sena.)
UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento -move to an all faith chapel
Sutter Health Womens and Childrens Center -40 seat meditation room
for 2013 Kansas City Childrens Mercy- -chapel design decided by
Interfaith local community clergy council
- Slide 27
- Photos of Pediatric Chapels Kosair Childrens Hospital
- Slide 28
- St. Louis Childrens Hospital
- Slide 29
- Cincinnati Childrens Hospital
http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/svc/alpha/p/pastoral/tour.htm
- Slide 30
- Texas Childrens Hospital
http://www.texaschildrens.org/AllAbout/
VisitingTheHospital/SpiritualCare.aspx
- Slide 31
- Pediatric Chapel Design Considerations Honor Diversity in
design, elements, spiritual item offerings-yet preserve some
familiarity to location Think of common themes- prayer, community
connection, privacy, nature Integrate Child friendly elements-art,
interaction, water sounds
- Slide 32
- Pediatric Chapel Design Considerations Have movable elements to
transition use Utilize local faith leaders and their specific ideas
of the needs of their people Remember setting specific goals of the
chapel-What does our hospital want and need?
- Slide 33
- St. Louis Childrens Hospital Bereavement Room Private space for
grieving families, families awaiting funeral home pickup, or for
extubations Includes home-like dcor, refrigerator, blanket warmer,
bathroom, phone, adjustable lighting, privacy doors, sound proof
walls, security button Small refrigeration unit allows children to
stay in our hospital until pickup versus transition to adult
hospital morgue
- Slide 34
- St. Louis Childrens Hospital Bereavement Room
- Slide 35
- Create your Own Sacred Space!
- Slide 36
- References Balling, J. D. & Falk, J. H. (1982). Development
of visual preference for natural environments. Environment and
Behavior, 14, 5-38. Carpman, J. R. & Grant, M. A. (1993).
Design that Cares: Planning Health Facilities for Patients and
Visitors (2 nd edition). Chicago: American Hospital Publishing.
Cooper-Marcus, C. & Barnes, M. (1995) Gardens in Healthcare
Facilities: Uses, Therapeutic Benefits, and Design Recommendations.
Martinez, CA: The Center for Health Design. Cooper-Marcus, C. &
Barnes, M. (1999) Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design
Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 323-384.
Gibson, E. J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception.
Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. Hamlin, T.F. Architecture of Hospitals,
Pencil Points, 1940:21 (11): 711-20. Horsburgh, C.R. Jr. (1995).
Healing by design. The New England Journal of Medicine, 333,
735-740.
www.healinglandscapes.org/resources-related-organizations.html
www.ipfcc.org Kaiser unveils meditation room, Roseville
Press-Tribune, 2/5/11.
- Slide 37
- References Kirkby, M. (1989). Nature as a refuge in childrens
environments. Childrens Environments Quarterly, 6. 7-12. Lindheim,
R. & Syme, S. L. (1983) Environments, people and health. Annual
Review of Public Health, 4, 335-339. Making hospital chapel
welcoming to all faiths. Bay Citizen, reprinted in the New York
Times, 10/21/10. Orians, G. & Heerwegen, H. (1995). Evolved
responses to landscapes. In Barkow, J., Cosmides, L. & Tooby,
J. (Eds), The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the
Generation of Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Olds, A. R.
(1989). Nature as healer. Childrens Environments Quarterly, 6,
27-32. Paine, R. & Francis, C. (1990). Hospital outdoor spaces.
In C. C. Marcus & C. Francis (Eds.), People Places: Design
Guidelines for Urban Open Spaces. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
pp. 263-290. Schroeder, H. W. (1995). Preference and meaning for
arboretum landscapes: Combining quantitative data. In A. Sinha
(Ed.), Readings in Environmental Psychology and Landscape
Perception. San Diego: Academic Press. Strain, J. J. &
Grossman, S. (1975). Psychological reactions to medical illness and
hospitalization. In Strain, J. J. & Grossman, S. (Eds.)
Psychological Care of the Medically Ill: a Primer in Liaison
Psychiatry. New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts. pp. 23-26.
- Slide 38
- References Ulrich, R. S. (1984) View through a window may
influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224, 420-421. Ulrich, R.
S. (1977) Visual landscape preference: A model and application.
Man-Environment Systems, 7, 279-293. van Andel, J. (1990). Places
children like, dislike, and fear. Childrens Environments Quarterly,
7, 24-21. Verderber, S. F. (1986) Dimensions of person-window
transactions in the hospital environment. Environment and Behavior,
18, 450-466. Warner, S.B. Jr. (1995). The periodic rediscoveries of
restorative gardens: 1100-present. In M. Francis, P. Lindsey &
J.S.Rice (Eds), The Healing Dimensions of People-plant Relations:
Proceedings of a Research Symposium. Davis, CA. University of
California, Davis, Center for Design Research, pp. 5-12.
Whitehouse, Sandra, et. Al. (2001) Evaluating a Childrens Hospital
Garden Environment: Utilization and Consumer Satisfaction. Journal
for Environmental Psychology, 21, 301-314.