Residential Heating with Wood Fuels Measures in Germany · Fifty-sixth Session of the Working Group...

Fifty-sixth Session of the Working Group on Strategies and Review

24th May 2018 56th session of WGSR - Geneva 1

Residential Heating with Wood Fuels–

Measures in Germany

Sabrina RipplAG IG I 2 (Industrial Air Emissions, Ambient Air Quality)

Trends of PM2,5-Emissions in Germany

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PM2.

5-em

issi

ons

in k

iloto

ns

Source: German Environment Agency, national chartsof trends since 1995 forthe reporting ofatmospheric emissions; additionally: extract fromemission database(state 05/2018)

households: wood (untreated)households: all other fuelsroad trafficother sourcesoverall emissions

year

Concentration Load in Germany

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Distance of the average PM2.5-concentration above WHO recommendationsin urban background locations in German agglomerations

Percent

WHO guideline value for PM2.5: 10 µg/m³ in annual mean

Source: German Environment Agency 2016

Legal Framework in Germany

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Federal Immission Control Act – BImSchG

Over 30 Orders/Regulations (BImSchV) and a few Administrative Regulations (e.g. TA Luft)

to transpose the Federal Act

• implementation of the Federal Act and the Regulations by theFederal States (Bundesländer)

• implementation of the Air Pollution Control by competent authoritiesin municipalities, administrative districts and supraregional(depending on the regulatorystructure in the Federal State)

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Map: NordNordWest, Licence: Creative Commons by-sa-3.0 de

Legal Framework in Germany

Air Pollution Control Legislation

InstallationsSubject to Licensing

Installations notSubject to Licensing

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installations in the scope of the Federal Act have to be constructed and operated based on

Best Available Techniques

• construction and operation in such way that– avoidable harmful effects are prevented– unavoidable harmful effects are minimized– waste can be properly disposed

• technical requirements are concretized in Orders/Regulations implementing the Federal Act(e.g. 1st BImSchV)

Air Pollution Control Legislation forInstallations not Subject to Licensing

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Order regarding Small and Medium Firing Installations – 1st BImSchV

• boilers for oil and gas are monitored since the1970s; good state of technology

• use of wood as fuel increased in 1990s/2000s;revision of the 1st BImSchV in 2010

• focus on single room heaters and boilers forsolid fuels

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• technical requirements for existing and newinstallations

• emission limit values (particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO))

• monitoring by chimney sweepers (including emission measuring)

• notification to competent authority by the operator about commissioning/alteration of the installation

• competent authority may issues proceeding orders on a case-by-case basis

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Order regarding Small and Medium Firing Installations – 1st BImSchV

Outlook

• less strict PM emission limit values for boilers in ecodesign regulation EU 2015/1189

• proceeding state of technology / best availabletechniques(primary and secondary measures of pollutant reduction)

• improving behavior of operators;generate/enhance awareness in societywww.bmu.de/heizen-mit-holz/(only in German)

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Sabrina Rippl____________________________________________AG IG I 2Industrial Air Emissions, Ambient Air Quality

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

Robert-Schuman-Platz 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany

Phone +49 (0)228 99 305-2464Fax +49 (0)228 99 305-3974Email sabrina.rippl@bmu.bund.de

Internet www.bmu.bund.de

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http://clipart-library.com/clipart/1847068.htm

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https://www.hagebau.de/p/justus-kaminofen-usedom-sandstein-5-kw-ext-luftzufuhr-an550959078/

http://www.reglo.de/whuber/media/gallery/Scheitholzkessel/hdg_euro.jpghttp://www.reglo.de/whuber/media/gallery/Scheitholzkessel/hdg_euro_schnitt.jpg

single roomheater

(wood stove)

boiler forsolid fuels

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Source: German Environment Agency, national chartsof trends since 1995 forthe reporting ofatmospheric emissions; additionally: extract fromemission database(state 05/2018)

households: wood (untreated)households: all other fuelsroad trafficother sourcesoverall emissions

PM10

-em

issi

ons

in k

iloto

ns

year

Trends of PM10-Emissions in Germany

Trends of PM10-Emissions in domestichomes and small businesses (Germany)

PM10 PM2,5

Emissionsberichterstattung 2017

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reporting of atmospheric emissions 2017

Source: German Environment Agency

wood other fuels wood other fuels

PM10

-em

issi

ons

in k

iloto

ns

PM2.

5-em

issi

ons

in k

iloto

ns

Concentration load in Germany

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Source: German Environment Agency 2018

rural background urban background urban close to road traffic

Percentage of monitoring stations exceeding the concentration limit value(daily mean of PM10)

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Source: German Environment Agency 2018, with data of the monitoring network of the Federal States and the Federal Government

microgram per cubic

metre of air

Daily means of PM10 from January 18th till February 17th (2017)Concentration above 50 µg/m³ in red

Concentration load: temporal variation

UBA-Texte 37/2010:model calculation ofconcentration loads if enhancedburning of wood would occur in small and medium firinginstallationsContribution of

wood burning to the average

PM10-background in 2005

additional PM10 load by wood burning;Bechtoldsweiler, Januar 2008

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Concentration load: local variation

S

N

Source: German Environment Agency 2005, 2008, 2010

Air Pollution Control Legislation

InstallationsSubject to Licensing

Installations notSubject to Licensing

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purpose of the Federal Act:protection and prevention against any

harmful effects on the environment

installations in the scope of the Federal Act have to be constructed and operated based on

Best Available Techniques

Summary

• ambitious requirements of the 1st BImSchV

o highest degree of emission limit values sinceJanuary 1st, 2015 for new installations

o transitional periods for old installations end in 2024

o exceptional rules

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Coal as Fuel in Households

• 10 % of the use of energy in small combustion plants forsolid fuels derives from coal

• 1.5 % of the use of energy in small combustion plant over all kind of fuels (solid, oil, gas) derives from coal

• Coal has to be low on sulfur(not more than 1% (Art. 3 (2))

• emission limit values (PM,CO) for existing and for newcoal installations are the same as for wood firedinstallations– marginal variations for coal fired boilers during the transition

period

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