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1-1-1 Source: National Institute for Research Advancement, Thinking about Energy
Relationship Between Humans and Energy
Discovery of FireFire & Livestock Energy
Wood, Charcoal, Water, Wind and Horse Energy Coal Energy Oil EnergyC
on
sum
pti
on
/Per
son
(1,
000
Kilo
calo
ries
/Day
)--B
ar G
rap
h
Co
nver
ted
to
Oil
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n
(1 M
illio
n K
ilolit
ers/
Day
)--C
urv
e G
rap
h
Mill
ion
s
100s
of Th
ousa
nds
5000
Pri
mit
ive
Hu
man
s
Hu
nte
rsF
ire
and
Sto
ne
Too
ls in
use
Ho
rse-
dra
wn
Car
riag
es
Gen
erat
ors
Tran
spor
tatio
n
15
10
5
0
250
200
150
100
50
02
23 4
1
7
67
Indu
stry
& A
gricu
lture
Hous
ehol
d &
Com
mer
ce
Food
Wat
t S
team
En
gin
e(F
rom
176
9)
Fir
st F
arm
ers
Ad
van
ced
Far
mer
s
Ind
ust
rial
Ag
e
14
24
3212
TechnologyAge
63
91
66
10
GasolineEngines
1000
B.C.
1000
A.D.16
00
1700
1800
1900
1970
Primitive Humans East Africa 1 million years ago, food only.
Hunters Europe 100,000 years ago, burned firewood for heat and cooking.
First Farmers Fertile delta region 5,000 years ago, used energy of livestock for
cultivating crops.
Advanced Farmers Northwest Europe 1,400 years ago, used coal for heating, wind and
water power; used livestock for transportation.
Industrial Age England in 1875, used steam engines.
Technology Age United States in 1970, used electrical power, food includes for livestock use.
©JAERO
1-1-2 Source: UN, World Population Prospects, the 2019 Revision
World Population Projections
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding.
Po
pu
lati
on
Oceania
North America
South America
Europe
Asia
Africa
(billion)
(Year)0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
42.8
47.2
6.3
6.8
40.1
49.0
6.4
7.1
36.8
50.7
6.5
7.4
33.1
52.1
6.7
7.6
29.0
52.9
6.9
7.7
24.9
52.9
7.1
7.6
20.8
51.9
7.3
7.4
16.9
49.7
7.4
7.1
13.4
46.4
7.5
6.5
108.8108.1104.6
97.4
85.5
77.9
4.5
4.1
3.7
0.7
0.70.6
0.4 3.9
0.5
92.0
101.5
106.7
4.30.6 4.4
4.8 4.9
0.5
4.7
0.70.7
©JAERO
1-1-3 Source: IEA, Data and statistics, Key World Energy Statistics 2020
World Population and Energy Supply Amount
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. Btoe: billion tons of oil equivalent
World Population by Country (2018) Primary Energy Supply Amount by World Population by Country (2018)
©JAERO
China18%
China22%
U.S.A.16%
India18%
Russia 2%
Japan 2%
Germany 1%
France 1%
Canada 2%
Brazil 2%
Germany 2%
Canada 1%
South Korea 1%
Italy 1%
U.K. 1%
Italy 1%
U.K. 1%
France 2%
South Korea 2%
U.S.A. 4%
India 6%
Ru
ssia 5%
Brazil 3%
Others48%
Others35%
Japan
3%
World Total14.28 Btoe
World Total7.59 billion
1-1-4 Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2020
Primary Energy Supply Amount Per Capita in World
©JAERO
Pri
mar
y E
ner
gy
Su
pp
ly A
mo
un
t
Canada U.S.A. SouthKorea
Russia France Germany Japan U.K. Italy WorldAverage
China Brazil India
(tons of oil equivalent / person)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(2018)
8.0
6.8
5.35.5
3.7 3.63.4
2.6 2.5 2.3
1.9
1.4
0.7
1-1-5
Per Capita GDP and Primary Energy Supply Amount
Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2020
(Note) Total domestic production based on purchasing power parity conversion (US dollars, 2015 prices)
(US dollars)
Pe
r C
ap
ita
GD
P
Per Capita Primary Energy Supply Amount (tons of oil equivalent / person)
©JAERO
60,000
55,000
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
01 2 3 4 5 9876
Canada
U.S.A.
South Korea
Russia
France
Germany
U.K.
China
India
(2018)
Italy
Brazil
Japan
World Average
1-1-6 Source: ※1 BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 ※2 OECD/NEA,IAEA, Uranium 2020
Proven Reserves of Energy Resources
(Note) Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio = Proven Reserves / Annual Production RAR (reasonably assured resources) of uranium is estimated at a production cost less than USD 130/kgU.
50 years
Oil※1
(at the end of 2019)Natural Gas※1
(at the end of 2019)Coal※1
(at the end of 2019)Uranium※2
(Jan. 2019)
50 years
132 years
115 years
1.7339 tril.barrels
199 tril. m3
1,696 bil. tons
6.15 mil. tons
©JAERO
1-1-7 Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
The World’s Primary Energy Consumption
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. The figures in parentheses are the share of the total. 1 EJ (=1018 Joules) is equivalent to the amount of heat from approximately 25,800,000 kℓ of crude oil (EJ: exajoule).
Pri
mar
y E
ner
gy
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1965 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 1915 (Year)
(EJ)
24.9〔4.3%〕
157.9〔27.0%〕
141.5〔24.2%〕
193.0〔33.1%〕
37.6〔6.4%〕
29.0〔5.0%〕2019 total consumption: 583.9 EJ
Renewable Energy (Other than Hydroelectric)
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil
©JAERO
1-1-8 Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
Primary Energy Consumption in Major Countries
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. 1 EJ (=1018 Joules) is equivalent to the amount of heat from approximately 25,800,000 kℓ of crude oil (EJ: exajoule).
Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydroelectric Renewable Energy
World Total
China
U.S.A.
India
Russia
Japan
Canada
Germany
South Korea
Brazil
France
U.K.
Italy
0 20 40 60 80 100(%)
Primary Energy Consumption (EJ)
(2019)
576.2
135.8
95.6
33.3
30.0
18.8
14.3
13.4
12.5
12.1
9.9
8.0
6.5
54 12 6 622
43 17 29 10 2
33 24 28 4 6 4
20 8 59 2 8 4
30 6 56 1 4 3
41 22 26 42 5
32 30 5 246 4
34 23 22 5 1 15
39 11 6 291 15
32 16 384 6 5
40 36 4 7 1 12
40 38 6 6 10
39 31 14 8 3 6
©JAERO
1-1-9
Electricity Generated by Major Countries (Growth Rate)
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
Ra
te o
f G
row
th U
sin
g 1
99
0 a
s B
as
eli
ne
(%)
China
South Korea
India
Brazil
World Average
U.S.A.France
GermanyJapan
Russia
1990 95 2000 2005 10 1915 (Year)
1300
200
100
50
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
©JAERO
1-1-10 Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics (2020)
Electricity Consumption Per Capita in Major Countries
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding.
Canada
U.S.A.
South Korea
Japan
France
Russia
Germany
Italy
U.K.
China
World Average
Brazil
India
Electricity Consumption by Country
©JAERO
(2018)
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000
(kWh per capita/year)
15,438
13,098
11,082
8,010
7,141
6,917
6,848
5,220
4,906
3,260
4,906
2,570
968
Italy 1%
U.K. 1%
France 2%
Canada 2%
Brazil 2%
South Korea 2%India 5%
Japan 4%
Russia 4%
Germany 2%
U.S.A.17%
World Total24,739TWh
China28%
Others28%
1-1-11 Source: IEA, Data and statistics
Dependence on Imported Energy Sources in Major Countries
(Note) Canada and Russia are net-exporting countries.
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
8892
84
96
77 77
6370
45
89
30
39 38 39
20 22
-3 -2
-95-88
3
12
-78
-69
Includes nuclear energy
Excludes nuclear energy
©JAERO
(%)(2018)
Canada
SouthKorea
Russia
FranceGermanyJapan U.K. U.S.A.IndiaItaly China
Brazil
1-1-12 Source: eurogas, Statistical Report 2015
National Gas Pipeline Network in Europe
U.K.Ireland
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
BelarusPoland
Russia
Kazakhstan
Ukraine
Moldova
Romania
Hungary
SlovakiaCzech Republic
Austria
SloveniaCroatia
GermanyBelgium
Netherlands
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
France
Spain
AlgeriaTunisia
Greece
Macedonia
Serbia
MontenegroKosovo
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Albania
Morocco
PortugalBulgaria
Turkey
Georgia
Armenia
Iran
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Jordan
Cyprus
LNG terminals in operationLNG terminals in planning/under construction Gas liquefaction plant
Pipelines in planning/under construction (other than EU funded) Pipelines in operation (other than EU funded)Pipelines in planning/under construction (EU funded) Pipelines in operation (EU funded)
Natural gas field
©JAERO
1-2-1
How Energy is Used in Japan
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. 1 PJ (=1015 Joules) is equivalent to the amount of heat from approximately 25,800 kℓ of crude oil (PJ: petajoule). Content of parentheses is the percentage of the total. The calculation method of Total Energy Statistics has been changed since FY1990.
Source: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Total Energy Statistics
Fin
al E
ner
gy
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n
©JAERO
(PJ)
(Year)0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Annual Per Capita Energy Consumption(Crude oil equivalent in 200ℓ barrels)
Transport (3.1 barrels)Household (1.9 barrels)Office, etc. (8.4 barrels)
1990 2000 0595 15 1810
Transportation
Household
Office, etc.
Total consumption13,124PJ
3,066〔23.4%〕
1,833〔14.0%〕
8,225〔62.7%〕
1-2-2
Changes in Japan’s Primary Energy Supply Structure
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. 1 PJ (=1015 Joules) is equivalent to the amount of heat from approximately 25,800 kℓ of crude oil (PJ: petajoule). Nuclear energy is classified into semi-domestic energy due to its characteristics. The calculation method of Total Energy Statistics has been changed since FY1990.
Source: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Total Energy Statistics
Total PrimaryEnergy Supply
DomesticEnergyRatio
16,133PJ 17,210PJ
1%5%
71%
14%5%4%
FY1973(The first oil crisis)
1%2%
77%
11% 13%
15%4%1%
FY1979(The second oil crisis)
©JAERO
5%
23%
38%
Renewable(excl. hydro)
3%Not used
Natural Gas /town gas
Oil
Coal
HydroelectricNuclear
25%
3%3%
FY2018
19,728PJ
15%
1-2-3 Source: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Total Energy Statistics
Historical Trends in Japan’s Primary Energy Supply
(Note) 1 PJ (=1015 Joules) is equivalent to the amount of heat from approximately 25,800 kℓ of crude oil (PJ: petajoule). The calculation method of Total Energy Statistics has been changed since FY1990.
Total19,728PJ
553
4,510
Renewable(excl. hydro) 1,033
Not used 580
7,415
4,947
Hydroelectric6901953 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 1815
(FY)
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Oil
Coal
The first oil crisis The second oil crisis
Pri
mar
y E
ner
gy
Su
pp
ly
©JAERO
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
(PJ)
1-2-4
Japan’s Fossil Fuel Imports by Country of Origin
(Note) Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding.
Source: ※1 Petroleum Association of Japan ※2 Trade Statistics of Japan
(FY2019 result)
Coal※2
©JAERO
United Arab Emirates1.9%
U.S.A.5.4%
Oman3.9%
Australia68.0%
Indonesia12.4%
Others 0.4%
China 0.7%
Canada 2.9%
U.S.A. 3.7%
Malaysia13.0%
Australia39.2%
Indonesia4.4%
Brunei5.6%
Qatar11.2%
Russia8.3%
Papua New Guinea4.7%
Others2.5%
Saudi Arabia34.1%
United Arab Emirates32.7%
Qatar9.3%
Kuwait8.9%
Others 2.8%
Iran 0.4%Iraq 1.1%
Bahrain 1.4%Oman 1.7%
Ecuador 1.3%U.S.A. 1.6%
Russia 4.8%
Middle East 89.6%
Total Imports173.04
billion liters
Russia11.9%
(FY2019 result)
Crude Oil※1
(FY2019 result)
Natural Gas※2
Total Imports110.03
million tons
Total Imports76.50
million tons
1-2-5 Source: Petroleum Association of Japan
Japan’s Dependence on Middle East Crude Oil ImportsJa
pan
’s D
epen
den
ce o
n M
idd
le E
ast
Cru
de
Oil
©JAERO
(FY)
(%)
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
91.2(FY1967)
67.9(FY1987)
89.6
1965 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 19
77.5(FY1973)
75.9(FY1979)
The first oil crisis
The second oil crisis
1-2-6 Source: Petroleum Association of Japan
Changes in the Price of Imported Crude OilP
rice
of
Imp
ort
ed C
rud
e O
il
(FY)
©JAERO
(Dollar/barrel)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
1972 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 1915
4.85(FY1973)
11.53
23.37(FY1979)
36.89
13.81
22.76(FY1990)
12.76
28.37
23.84
90.52
69.40
47.53
67.76
72.15
114.18
First Oil Crisis
Second Oil Crisis
Gulf War
1-2-7 Source: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Energy White Paper 2020
Japan Power Generation and Purchase Volume by Source
(Note) Oil etc. includes LPG, other gases and bituminous mixtures. Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. Numerical values depicted in this graph are composition ratios (%).
Created based on the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy's "General Energy Statistics"Created based on the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy's "Overview of Electric Power Development" and "Overview of Electricity Supply Plan"
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
20122011 2013 2015 2017 2018201620142009200520001995199019851980
26%3
10
32%33
7%8
38%40
8%
9%8
8
110
34
41
8
6
11
34
43
8
5
1,060 1,051
33
41
8
7
1,0511,0401,0581,0851,0781,090
989957
940
856
738
584
485
114
33
41
7
4
2
18
31
40
7
3
15
9
28
38
8
3
11
31 29
7
25
29
8
26
24
7 11
11
34
18
26
81
19
34
14
22
9
29
27
10
22
12
27
27
10
22
13
46
17
5
15
17
1
0
2010
1,150
9
25
28
29
7
2
Gen
erat
ed E
lect
ricity
©JAERO
(TWh / year)
(FY)
Geothermal &RenewablesHydroelectricNatural GasCoalOil etc.Nuclear
1-2-8 Source: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Energy White Paper 2017
Historical Trends in Japan Power Generation Capacity by Source
(Note) Oil etc. include LPG, other gases and bituminous mixtures. Figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding. Numerical values depicted in this graph are composition ratios (%).
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
(GW)
Gen
erat
ion
Cap
acit
y
1995
21
26
10
22
21
201.33
2000
20
23
13
25
20
229.13
2005
21
20
16
25
19
238.87
2007
21
20
16
24
19
238.02
2008
20
20
16
25
20
238.90
2009
20
19
16
26
19
241.48
2010 2011 2012 (FY)
20
19
16
26
19
20
19
16
26
19
243.60 245.38
19
19
16
27
19
246.75
2013
18
18
16
28
19
246.94
2014 2015
16%
16%
15%
28%
19%
18
17
16
29
19
6%2252.01
259.51
Geothermal &RenewablesHydroelectricNatural GasCoalOil etc.Nuclear
©JAERO
1-2-9
Percentage of Electric Power in Primary Energy (Electrification Ratio)
Source: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Total Energy Statistics
(Note) 1 PJ (=1015 Joules) is equivalent to the amount of heat from approximately 25,800 kℓ of crude oil (PJ: petajoule).
Su
pp
ly o
f P
rim
ary
En
erg
y i
n J
ap
an
Percentage of electric power in primary energy supply
©JAERO
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
(PJ)
1970
26%
13,383
1975
15,330
29%
1980
16,627
33%
1985
16,967
37%
1990
19,69520,095
19,251
41%
1995
22,037
42%
2000
22,740
43%
2005
22,858
44%
201220112010 (FY)
20,827
22,157
44%
2013 2014 2015 20182017
21,01120,059 19,810
44% 44% 45%
19,728
46%
2016
45%43%
21,224
44%44%
1-2-10
Hourly Power Usage on Peak Power Days
Source: The Federation of Electric Power Companies
(Note) The figures for 1975 is power synthesis (gross thermal) of nine companies. 2015 from 1985 is ten companies. and the figures for 2016 is power synthesis (sending end) of ten areas.
Po
we
r U
sa
ge
©JAERO
(million kW) (Total of 10 power companies)200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
July 24, 2001
August 5, 2005
August 23, 2010
August 9, 2013January 25, 2018
July 24, 2018August 2, 2019
August 7, 1990
August 29, 1985
July 31, 1975
August 25, 1995
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
144159
171 165
164156
182
110
7365
76
88
95
9494
94
9292
117 117
50
32
178 179
(o'clock)
1-2-11
Optimal Combination of Power Sources to Correspond to Demands
Source: Basic Energy Plan (April, 2014)
©JAERO
Oil, pumped storage hydropower, etc.
Solar, Wind power
Natural gas, LPG, etc.
Nuclear,Coal,General hydraulic (Inflow Type),Geothermal
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 (Time of Day)
Character as electricity power source
Amount of generated electricity
Peaking power source
High CostsOutput Fluctuates Easily
Intermediate power source
Base load power source
Medium CostsOutput May Fluctuate
Low CostsStable Output
1-2-12
(Note) The category "Appliances, lightning, etc." includes washing machines, clothes dryers, futon dryers, TVs, VCRs, stereos, CD players, DVD players, record players, vacuum cleaners, PCs and electric bidet toilets.
Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, 2020 EDMC Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics in Japan
Household Energy Consumption Per Application(Trillion kcal)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Kitchen 9.0%
Hot water 27.7%
Heating 26.7%
Cooling 3.2%
1965 7570 80 85 90 95 2000 05 (FY)10 1815
Total Consumption467.1 trillion kcal
33.4%Appliances, lighting, etc.
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n P
er A
pp
licat
ion
©JAERO
1-2-13
Power Consumption Per Household
(Note) The values are the average across nine power companies.
Source: The Federation of Electric Power Companies
(kWh/Household) (Average Monthly Power Consumption)
Po
we
r C
on
su
mp
tio
n
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
01970 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 1510
(FY)
118.8
168.4 185.0
212.7
252.4
291.2
303.1 304.7 302.2
247.8
©JAERO
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