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8/3/2019 Raymond Fonck- Fusion Energy Sciences Update
1/24
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science
Raymond FonckAssociate Director
of Fusion Energy Sciences
Fusion Energy Sciences Update
Presented to
NRC Board on Physics and AstronomyApril 25, 2008
www.science.doe.gov/ofes
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Questions to Address
Agency Specific
Response to Plasma 2010 (& other NRC) Reports ITER: status and US Contributions, funding
Priorities for the US domestic fusion research program
General
Most significant issues over the next year
Volatility in funding process and effects on program
Where can Academy add value
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Mission: Generate the knowledge needed for fusion
energy sources, and understand general plasma science
Program Elements:
Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences: Burning Plasma Science Theory and Computation Advanced Tokamak Physics Plasma and Fusion Technologies Toroidal Confinement Physics Diagnostics ITER Project and Program Fusion Materials
Plasma Sciences: Fundamental Properties of Plasmas Electromagnetic Confinement High Energy Density Laboratory Physics Low-Temperature Plasmas Atomic Processes
National/Shared Facilities:
DIII-D Advanced Tokamak (GA) MST Reverse Field Pinch (CMSO - WI) C-Mod Advanced Tokamak (MIT) Large Area Plasma Device (UCLA)
NSTX Spherical Torus (Princeton)
NCSX Stellarator (Princeton under construction)
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Apply ing 3D fieldsprod uces Stoc hasticreg ion leading tostab ilization o f edg einstabilities
Magnetic Fusion Sciences:
Controlling Instability @ Plasma Edge
Critical Edge Instability Controlled by Purposefully Degrading Magnetic Surfaces
Unstable with high edge pressure gradients:sharp spikes in heat loss
Stable with relaxed edge pressure gradients
DIII-D Advanced Tokamak (General Atomics)
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MFES: Understanding an Effective Disruption
Mitigation Technique
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Z(m)
R (m) R (m) R (m) R (m)
0 0.5 1.51.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Ti (keV)
time
unmitigated
He Ne Ar Kr
20
0
40
60
80
100
1 10 20 502 5
Radiated energy fraction
increases with Zgas,
reaching ~80-90%
Ihalo/Ip
0.20
0.25
0.15
0.10
0.0He Ne Ar Kr
1 10 20 502 5
Halo currents reduced ~50%
He Ne Ar Kr
0
40
80
120
Tsurface
(0K)after0.2s
1 10 20 502 5
Divertor tile heating
reduced ~60%
Wrad/W
(%)
ZGas
ZGas
ZGas
3-D MHD Numerical Model(NIMROD + Radiation Package)gives quantitative agreementwith detailed experimentalresults.
Injection of massive gas puff dissipates energy through radiation:
Fully 3-D simulation shows rapid destruction of flux surfaces:
Alcator C-Mod (MIT)
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MFES: Similarity Experiments Enable
Development of a Detailed Physics Basis for ITER
Baseline (ITER Scena rio 2) Referenc e operating c ase Q10 opera tion a t fullc urrent (15 MA)
Advanced Inductive (AI) High fusion g a in sc enario Q>10 at full current (15 MA)
Hybrid (ITER Scena rio 3) Long pulse, high fluenc e mission Q10 a t red ucedc urrent (~12 MA)
Steady-state (ITER Scenario 4) Advanc ed Tokamak (AT)
sc ena rio ta rgets
stea dy-sta te ob jec tive Above no-wa ll p ressure limit Q5 a t red uced c urrent (~9 MA)
Broad experimental currentprofiles (low li) impac t ITER c oildesign
DIII-D can simulate ITER scena rios In the ITER shap eand aspec t ratio
DIII-D Advanced Tokamak (General Atomics)
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Dynamo Experiment: self-generation of magnetic
fields in turbulent flows of liquid metal
Intermittently excited
magnetic eigenmode
has structure similar to
that predicted for the
mean-flow, self-
generated dynamo
The Madison Dynamo Experiment
(WI)
300 gallons of liquid sodium
150 kW of mechanical power
Rm/Re=10-5 (always turbulent)
Confinement is simple, and conductivity
is uniform
Predicted:
Observed:
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0
0.004
-1000 -500 0 500 1000Y (m)
Protonfluence
(m-2)
MC-simulationwith B=1300T
Measurement
Coilshadow
Simulated proton density map (Ekin
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