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Pulse Detonation Studies in Japan (2007)
Toshi FujiwaraNagoya University and FF Lab
Experimental Setup for Pulse Detonation Turbine Engine [3, 4]
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
3 0 0
3 5 0
4 0 0
4 5 0
5 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0
TIP
[kP
a] TIT
[K]
T im e [s e c ]
T IT
T IP
Turbine Inlet Pressure and Temperature for Hydrogen-Air 20Hz Operation
Experimental Device of PDTE Using a Single-Cylinder PDE
Influence of Shock Diffuser: Pressure History at Turbine Inlet
Thermal Efficiency Measured by Single-Cylinder PDTE
Four-Cylinder PDE Developed for PDTE
Fuel H2Oxidizer AirFrequency 20, 50, 60, 70, 80 Hz
Equivalence ratio 1.34, 1,45,1.56, 1.68, 1.79Flow rate 12.8 ℓ/s
contraciton ratio 1.9expantion ratio 4.1
HH22HH22OxidOxid--izerizer Amplifier
Ignition system
Solenoid Valves
Schelkin Spiral
Pressure transducers
Spark plugInjectors
Inner diameter : 15 mm
Tube length : 660 mm
Schematic of Micro PDE and Experimental conditions
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0Equivalence ratio
Velocity, m/s
: C-J condition
: 20 Hz operation
: 50 Hz operation
: 80 Hz operation
Combustion Wave Propagating Velocities versus Equivalence Ratio for Various Frequencies
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
1 6 0
1 8 0
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0
IS P fro m s id e w a ll p ressu re h is to ry
L /D
Sp
ecif
ic I
mp
uls
e, s
E n d o -F u jiw a ra 2 n d th eo ry (8 )
1 1 /1 2
E n d o�fs P D E (7 )K a sa h a ra ’s P D E (7 )
IS P fro m c lo sed en d w a ll p re ssu re h is to ry
Specific impulses versus L/D
50
45Pressure transducer
A B
Detonator Image area (30×42)
13
10
10
Spark plug
50
Short Multiple Tubes Attached Right behind Spark Plug
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
DDT distance (mm)
Min. Max.
4.4L50
No detonator
14L50
7.2L50
7.2L25
7.2L50*
7.2L50**
7.2L50 7.2L50* 7.2L50**
Influence of Multiple Tubes Geometry on DDT Distance
70 80 90 100 110 120
250
300
350
Shock Flame Detonation
Distance (mm)
Tim
e (
s)
7.2 L25
7.2 L50
4.4 L50
transition
transition
no transition
720 m/s
790 m/s440 m/s
2900 m/s
2960 m/s
830 m/s1000 m/s
520 m/s
7.2 L507.2 L25
4.4 L50
x-t Diagrams of Shock Waves, Flames and Detonation Fronts
3 m m
1 5 m m
3mm
40m
m
34m
m
3 m m 1 5 m m
(a) Rifle Groove and (b) Shchelkin Wire
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
600 700 800 900 1000 1100Distance from spark plug [mm]
Prop
agat
ion
velo
city
[m/s]
Shchelkin spiral 500mm
Rifle Detonation Tube 500mm
C-J detonation
Gas mixture�2H2-O2
Initial pressure�70kPa
Comparison between Rifle Groove and Shchelkin Wire
Schematic of Perpendicular Predetonator
Importance of Overflowed Volume for Direct Initiation
( a )
( c )
3 0 a t m 7 0 a t m3 0 a t m 7 0 a t m
( d )
m m0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .0 3 .5 4 .0 m m0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .0 3 .5 4 .0
( b )
0
0 .5
0
0 .5
S l a p p i n g W a v e
Computed Smoke-foil Records. (a) 2-D Results, (b) 3-D Results for “Rectangular Mode in Phase”, (c) 3-D Results for “Rectangular Mode Partially out of Phase”, (d) 3-D Results for “Diagonal Mode”
Time,s
4.74PropagationDirection
1
2
3Sidewall
Lowerwall
4
2
Pressure-Space Isosurface and Contours in front of and behind Detonation for “Rectangular Mode in Phase”
Time,s
4.16 PropagationDirection
21
Sidewall
Lowerwall
2
Pressure-Space Isosurface and Contours in front of and behind Detonation for Diagonal Mode
Pressure History on Closed End of PDE with Fully-filled Combustible Mixture
Impulse per Cycle and Fuel-based Impulse for Partially-filled PDE
Mixture-based Impulse for Partially-filled PDE: Ethylene-fuel
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