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Public Administration Challenges in
the Age of AI and Bots
PK AgarwalDean and CEO
pk.agarwal@northeastern.edu
• Disruption and Wealth Creation
• Tech Trends Driving AI
• Public Administration Challenges
• Parting Thoughts
Agenda
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Disruption and Wealth Creation
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This Happens All The
Time
The Scriporium (5th century AD to 15th Century AD)
https://sites.dartmouth.edu/ancientbooks/2016/05/24/medieval-book-
production-and-monastic-life/
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Xerox 2017 (40 years later)
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Horse => Horsepower
Fordson 1917 (the iPad!)
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/03/how-the-tractor-
yes-the-tractor-explains-the-middle-class-crisis/254270/
It is 1908 All Over Again!!
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• Horses = 26.5 million
• Humans = 100.5 million
I Come From 1918
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The Year Is 1915
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1 Million
Cars
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• Horses = 26.5 million
• Humans = 100.5 million
• 1 million cars on December 10, 1915
• What career advice would you give to
this guy?
The Year Was 1918
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• Horses = 1 million
• Humans = 320 million
• Testing driverless cars
• What career advice
would you give this guy?
The Year Is 2018
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5M Jobs
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5M Jobs
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Most Common Job by State
Economic Impact of Autonomous Cars
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http://www.web-strategist.com/blog
• Car Sales
• Auto Repair
• InsuranceReduced insurance premiums by 50%
You are no longer insuring the driver – then who?
• Health Care
• Roads, Bridges, etc
• Parking lots
Our Answer to the Mr. T, the Time Traveler
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Bowling Pinsetters
Occupations to produce a 78 rpm record
• Assembling adjuster
• Backer-up
• Matrix-bath attendant
• Matrix-groove roller
• Matrix number stamper
• Needle lacquerer
• Pick-up assembler
• Pick-up coil winder
• Record finisher
• Record press adjuster
• Record-press man
• Sapphire-stylus grinder
• Sieve gyrator.
Phttp://www2.itif.org/2017-false-alarmism-technological-disruption.pdf
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• Machine Learning/AI
• Sensors – IoT
• Robotics
• Big Data
• Biotechnology , Genetics, Nanotechnology
• 3D Printing
• Blockchain
• Gig Economy (Uber, Ola, etc)
• eCommerce
Forces of Disruption
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Wealth Creation
Wealth Creation
Major Technological Innovations
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Wealth Creation
Market Value of
Tech Companies
Worldwide (est.) :
$15 - $20 Trillion
All the Gold
in the World:
$8.5 Trillion
222,000
Employees
4,200,000
Employees
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Three Comma Club1 Jeff Bezos $112 Amazon
2 Bill Gates 90 Microsoft
3 Warren Buffett* 84 Berkshire Hathaway
4 Mark Zuckerberg 71 Facebook
5 Charles Koch* 60 Koch Industries
6 David Koch* 60 Koch Industries
7 Larry Ellison 58.5 Software
8 Michael Bloomberg 50 Bloomberg LP
9 Larry Page 48.8 Google
10 Sergey Brin 47.5 Google
Adapted from Forbes Magazine
Wealth Creation = Middle Class Job Creation?
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/pwc-five-global-shifts-reshaping-the-world_us_587a5c6ee4b077a19d180e1e
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/pwc-five-global-shifts-reshaping-the-world_us_587a5c6ee4b077a19d180e1e
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/pwc-five-global-shifts-reshaping-the-world_us_587a5c6ee4b077a19d180e1e
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Tech Trends Driving AI
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Goodbye Keyboard
(Almost there)
Natural Language Processing
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Touch Screen
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Our Computers will…..
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Everything Smart
Everything Connected
Everything Digital
(aka Internet of Things)
1. Everything Smart- Everything Connected – Everything Digital
The Connected World
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Smart Hair Brush!!
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Big Data
Big Data•Analytics
• 360 view of the customer
•Intelligence
• Predictive
IoT – Opening the Data Floodgates
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Big Data Expectations
Data Analytic Correlations (R)
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http://blog.echonest.com/post/27047918145/musical-
taste-politics
Data Analytic Correlations (D)
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http://blog.echonest.com/post/27047918145/musical-
taste-politics
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Machine Learning/AI
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Machine learning involves the creation of
algorithms that allow computers to learn from
example and past experience rather than reading
preprogrammed information.
Machine Learning
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Deep Learning imitates the workings of the human brain
in processing data and creating patterns for use in
decision making. Deep learning is a subset of machine
learning that has networks which are capable of learning
unsupervised from data that is unstructured or unlabeled.
Deep Learning
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AI – Good or Evil?
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• AV
• Robotics
• Language processing
• Health care
• Fraud detection
• Financial
• Marketing personalization
AI Use Cases
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http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2016/09/30/what-are-the-top-10-use-cases-for-machine-learning-and-ai/#1c56ad1410cf
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Public Administration Challenges
• Government Services
• Jobs and Economy
• Public Finances
• Consumer Protection (algorithm bias)
Public Administration Challenges
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NextGen eServices
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Jobs and Economy
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Apple Harvesting
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Compared to
Industrial Revolution?
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10 x Speed
=
300 x Scale
3,000
Net Impact
Technology transforming society 3,000x
impact than the Industrial Revolution
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SIZE OF U.S. ECONOMY
$18 trillion
$14 to 33 trillion
DISRUPTIVE IMPACT OF AI
Most in Demand Skills
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http://www.pcmaconvene.org/career/development-career-development/what-job-skills-will-you-need-in-2020/
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• App Developers
• Social Media Manager/Digital Marketing
• Cloud Computing Services
• UX Design
• Sustainability Expert
• Data Miners/Big Data Analysts
• Advanced Manufacturing Specialist
• Education/Admissions Consultants
• Genetic Counselor
• Drone Operator
Jobs That Didn’t Exist 10 Years Ago
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Public Finance
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https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/future-of-
mobility/transportation-technology.html
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Consumer Protection
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Elon Musk and Jack Ma
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Parting Thoughts
Headline Lorem Ipsum
Body content.
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We asked:
“AI – Good or Evil?”
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The real question: “Will we be more
good or more evil?”
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The End
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