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Proposal for implementing a skills
hierarchy in ESCO
24 September 2018
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 2
ESCO (2018) SEC 021 DRAFT Document date: 11/09/2018
Contents Purpose of the document .................................................................................... 3 Current status quo ............................................................................................. 3 Background ...................................................................................................... 3 Canadian classification ....................................................................................... 3 Approach of the pilot .......................................................................................... 4 Lessons learnt ................................................................................................... 5 Structure of the future ESCO skills hierarchy ......................................................... 6 Process and methodology for the creation of the ESCO skills hierarchy ..................... 6 Annex 1 ........................................................................................................... 8 Annex 2 ..........................................................................................................12
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 3
Purpose of the document
The purpose of this document is to present to the members of the Maintenance
Committee a proposal for creating a complete skills hierarchy in ESCO and seek their
advice on the methodology and hierarchy.
Current status quo
The skills pillar of ESCO v1 structures 13,485 skill1 and knowledge concepts in four
different manners:
• through their relationship with occupations, by using occupations as an
entry point;
• through a hierarchy (only for transversal knowledge, skills and
competences);
• through associative2 and contextualised3 relations (not consistently
applied throughout the entire classification);
• through functional collections grouping only a subset of the skills available
that is of interest for specific use cases. ESCO v1 includes three functional
collections: digital competences (identical to the Digital Competence
Framework4); language skills and transversal skills.
Background
During the 26th Maintenance Committee meeting on 5 June 2018 the Commission
services presented to the Committee members the results of the ESCO pilot on the
skills structure5. The Committee members advised the Commission services to use i)
the Canadian classification as a basis and ii) ISCED-F and NACE to further structure
the ESCO skills pillar. Taking into account this advice, the ESCO team carried out a
pilot to explore whether the Canadian classification could serve this objective.
Canadian classification
The Canadian National Skill Classification is a two-level hierarchical classification of
skill and knowledge groups with 85 concepts at its second level. It distinguishes skill
concepts (44) from knowledge concepts (41). Each concept contains a description and
examples. The skill and knowledge groups are clearly designed to be independent of
particular branches of economic activity or occupation.
1 Since there is no distinction between skills and competences in the ESCO skills pillar,
in this document the term skills will be used to refer both to skills and competences. 2 Associative relations indicate how knowledge, skills and competences are relevant to
other knowledge, skills and competences. 3 Skill contextualisation is a method to create knowledge or skill and competence
concepts by analysing how transversal skills, competences or knowledge are applied in
the specific context of a sector or an occupation. For more information and example,
you can visit the ESCO portal:
https://ec.europa.eu/esco/portal/escopedia/Skill_contextualisation 4 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/digcomp 5 https://ec.europa.eu/esco/resources//escopedia/20180614_131747/bda570a7-
22e9-44a3-84a4-0ab50a04d27fDraft-_Summary_reportfinal.pdf
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 4
Figure 1
Figure 2
Approach of the pilot
The ESCO team carried out a pilot to test:
how the Canadian Classification can be used as a starting point to develop a
consistent and complete (mono-)hierarchy to structure the ESCO skill pillar;
the methodology for allocating each ESCO skill to the groups of this skill
hierarchy.
Throughout the pilot the team members allocated:
a sample of 690 randomly selected ESCO skill and knowledge concepts and
the skill and knowledge concepts from four ESCO occupational profiles: i)
language school teacher, ii) plumber, iii) microelectronics engineer and iv)
horse breeder6
to the skill and knowledge groups of the Canadian classification. In the process, the
team reflected on how these skill groups can be integrated with the existing ESCO
transversal skill thesaurus, which also has a hierarchical structure.
6 See Annex 1 for the allocation of the skill and knowledge concepts of these four
occupational profiles.
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 5
The team members worked on the same concepts in parallel and discussed their
individual findings in workshops. The objective was to:
understand the logic behind the different choices of allocation and reach an
agreement;
come to a shared understanding of the scope of the skill and knowledge groups
of the Canadian classification;
flag those ESCO skill and knowledge concepts which cannot be allocated to any
of the groups of the Canadian classification;
suggest new groups to be added to the future ESCO skills hierarchy and
allocate the skill and knowledge concepts to the newly added groups.
The ESCO team allocated the ESCO skill and knowledge concepts to the Canadian
classification taking into account the following aspects:
action verb of the preferred term of the ESCO skill concept;
action verb(s) of the description of the ESCO skill concept;
description of the ESCO skill/knowledge concept;
occupations linked to the ESCO skill/knowledge concept and
scope of the groups of the Canadian classification.
Example
Table 1
ESCO Canadian classification
Analyse the artistic concept based on stage actions
Analysing information (broader: Analysis)
Analyse the artistic concept based on stage actions is an ESCO skill related to the
analysis process in the domain of art (theatre). Analysing information is a skill
category in the Canadian classification. It has the same action verb and is a logical
broader concept to the ESCO skill.
Lessons learnt
During the pilot the team discussed at different stages the methodology used and
reached the following conclusions. It is important to:
1. have a clear understanding of the scope of the skill groups of the Canadian
classification;
2. first allocate some skills from a wide range of economic fields to refine our
understanding of the groups of the Canadian classification;
3. have at least two persons work on the same skill, so that we are more
confident of the quality;
4. add a further step to look at the skills we have allocated under each group
(quality assurance);
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 6
5. have at our disposal background documentation and guidance from the
Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), if available.
Structure of the future ESCO skills hierarchy
While ESCO has a hierarchy for transversal skills (see “Current status quo”), there is
no one for domain-specific skills. To address this issue, the ESCO team combined the
skill groups of the Canadian classification and the ESCO transversal skill thesaurus in
one structure. The image below displays an overview of the future skills hierarchy for
ESCO:
Image 1
For the future complete ESCO skills hierarchy, see Annex 2.
Process and methodology for the creation of the ESCO skills hierarchy
The implementation process consists of the following steps:
1. The ESCO team will develop scope notes for each skill and knowledge group of
the future ESCO skills hierarchy (in the case of the groups of the Canadian
Classification, the team will refine their descriptions to further clarify their
semantic boundaries);
2. Teams of two persons (mappers) will work on each ESCO skill and knowledge
concept (in total 13,485 concepts);
3. The same teams will discuss their findings in small workshops to i) identify
those skill and knowledge concepts that they allocated to different groups and
ii) agree on the final allocation;
4. The team will discuss in collective workshops the difficult cases, the potential
amendment of some of the scope notes and the potential addition of new
groups. The team will also identify the possibility to add more levels to the
hierarchical tree (create more specific skill groups);
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 7
5. The team will carry out a final quality assurance step by reviewing all ESCO
skills per skill group of the hierarchy. This will allow identifying inconsistencies
in the way each skill group has been understood and treated by the team
members.
The ESCO team will initiate the implementation process on 1 October and will deliver
the full hierarchy by mid-2019 (incl. the quality assurance).
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 8
Annex 1 Language school teacher (skills)
Language school teacher (knowledge)
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 9
Plumber (skills)
Plumber (knowledge)
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 10
Microelectronics engineer (skills)
Microelectronics engineer (knowledge)
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 11
Horse breeder (skills)
Horse breeder (knowledge)
Annex 2
The amendments to the Canadian classification are indicated in orange colour.
The skills of the ESCO transversal skills thesaurus are indicated in blue colour.
Type First level Second level Third level Fourth level
Skills Handling Goods, Materials and Animals Sorting
Loading and Unloading
Handling animals
Building Constructing
Installing Building Interior Infrastructure
Finishing Building Interior/Exterior
Restoring and Repairing
Operating and Repairing Equipment, Machinery and Vehicles
Mechanical Installing, Maintaining and Repairing
Operating Mobile Equipment
Operating Stationary Industrial Equipment
Working with Technological Equipment and Machinery
Installing and Setting-Up Technical Infrastructure
Working with Manual Tools
Producing and Repairing Handicrafted Products
Handling Non-motorised Equipment and Tools
Programming, Debugging and Reprogramming Technical Systems
Using Specialized Instrumentation and Equipment
Service and Care
Counselling and Nurturing
Treating People
Treating Animals
Protecting and Enforcing
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 13
Serving Others
Cooking, Preparing, Serving
Tending to Daily Needs
Cleaning and House/Shop Keeping
Communication
Negotiating and Adjudicating
Liaising and Networking
Teaching and Training
Professional Communicating
Advising and Consulting
Promoting and Selling
Interviewing
Creative Expression Designing
Technical Designing
Writing
Performing and Entertaining
Information Handling Managing Information
Processing Information
Analysis Projecting Outcomes
Researching and Investigating
Planning
Examining and Diagnosing
Analyzing Information
Inspecting and Testing
Management Strategic Planning
Leading and Motivating
Allocating and Controlling Resources
Evaluating
Co-ordinating and Organizing
Recruiting and Hiring
Supervising
Transversal
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
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September 2018 14
skills/competences
application of knowledge
digital competences
ICT safety
digital communication and collaboration
digital content creation
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
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digital data processing
problem-solving with digital tools
health and safety
follow environmentally-sustainable work
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
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practices
follow hygienic work practices
follow safety precautions in work practices
numeracy and mathematics
carry out work-related calculations
carry out work-related measurements
communicate mathematical information
manage quantitative data
use mathematical tools and equipment
work with shape and space
working environment
apply quality standards
support company plan
support cultural diversity
support gender equality
attitudes and values
attitudes
adapt to change
attend to detail
attend to hygiene
cope with pressure
deal with uncertainty
demonstrate
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 17
curiosity
demonstrate enthusiasm
demonstrate willingness to learn
make an effort
manage frustration
manage quality
meet commitments
persist
work efficiently
work independently
values
demonstrate consideration
demonstrate good manners
follow ethical code of conduct
social interaction
accept constructive criticism
address an audience
demonstrate intercultural competence
give advice to others
instruct others
interact with others
lead others
motivate others
negotiate compromise
persuade others
report facts
support
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 18
colleagues
use body language
use questioning techniques
work in teams
thinking
develop strategy to solve problems
evaluate information
identify opportunities
make decisions
manage time
memorise information
process qualitative information
identify opportunities
think creatively
use learning strategies
use of languages
Knowledge Manufacturing and Production
Processing and Production
Food Production and Agriculture
Communications and Transportation
Communications and Media
Telecommunications
Transportation
Law and Public Safety
Law, Government, and Jurisprudence
Public Safety and Security
Social Sciences and Arts Language
Linguistics
Psychology
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 19
Sociology and Anthropology
Geography
Philosophy and Theology
History and Archaeology
Library and Heritage
Fine and Applied Arts
Education and Training
Teaching and Instruction
Health Services Medicine
Animal health and welfare
Therapy and Counselling
Mathematics and Science Mathematics
Statistics
Physics
Earth Sciences (Geosciences)
Chemistry
Biology
Engineering and Technology
Engineering and Applied Technologies
Computer and Information Systems
Electricity (Electrical and Electronics)
Design
Building and Construction
Mechanics and Machinery
Business, Finance and Management Business Management
Business Administration
Finance
Economis
Accounting
Personnel and Human Resources
Clerical
European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations 27th ESCO Maintenance Committee meeting – Proposal for
implementing a skills hierarchy in ESCO
September 2018 20
Sales
Marketing
Client Service
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