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• Propaganda
• Formal vs. informal tone
• Thesis statements
• Transitions
• Sentence types and errors
• Hopefully give back test!
Propaganda techniques
Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002
Whose voice guides your choice?
Claim/Thesis
Example: I am going to try to convince you that chocolate is a healthy snack.
Statement of your argument.
Propaganda is …
… form of communication
… aimed at swaying or
influencing your attitude
Experts vs.Big Names
Example: Former U.S. president Bill Clinton thinks that junk food should be taken out of vending machines.
Experts? Professionals with specialized knowledge Big Names? Famous,
Big name or
expert?
Quoting Experts
• Experts are professionals who work and or
study a specific topic or area of knowledge.
• Often includes physicians, lawyers,
professors, researchers and analysts.
Big Names
• Insert celebrity Ad
Statistics
Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.
Factual information told in numbers or some measurable way.
Emotional Appeal/Loaded Words
The use of words that evoke strong emotional responses.
Compassionate moms
who love their babies
choose B diapers.
Gentle fibers nurture a
baby’s skin.
Emotional Appeal/Loaded language
Example: Your generous donation might just get this puppy off the street and into a safe home.
Specific words or images intended to connect a reader’s emotional response to a persuasion topic. (sad puppy= adoption ads)
Emotional words example:
luxury, beautiful, paradise, economical Used to evoke positive feelings
Happiness
Fun
Flag (patriotism)
Glittering Generalities
• Similar to
emotional appeal,
language that works
hard to play on
your emotions, but
isn’t always logical.
“Pure, fresh, mountain
spring water. Bottled
especially for you in Utah
from only our purest
mountain springs.”
What seems a bit
“illogical” to you?
Glittering Generality example: Gatorade: "Life is a
sport, drink it up!“
That sounds good,
but what does it
mean??
Repetition A repeated phrase used to create a desired effect---sometimes with the help of sound devices such as alliteration or assonance.
“You'll never put a
better bit of butter
on your knife."
~ Country Life
Butter slogan
Research
Example: According to Dr. Spock, a representative from ABC Medical Center, a recent study found that students who watch TV during the week don’t do as well in school.
The use of scientific “study” to form facts and gather info
Bandwagon Strategy that insists that “everybody’s doing it”—that the audience should join the “majority”
8 out of ten college
athletes depend on Z
sports drink to quench
their thirst during the
game.
Testimonial
Example: It’s easy. It’s
fast. It feels good!
And now, thanks to my
purchase, I can shake it
up at home where it’s
convenient,”
Relies on the “story” or “experience” of an individual with whom the audience can identify.
What is Propoganda?
Propaganda is the use of
facts, ideas, or claims to
persuade people to support
a particular opinion.
The trick: author’s only
provide facts and opinions
that support their view.
What is Bias?
• Bias is an unfair prejudice about someone
or something.
• It doesn’t allow for exceptions.
• It usually shows extreme favor or disfavor
for a product, group, etc.
Examples of Bias • Individuals that wear all black?
• Others based on appearance? (What types of
judgments do we place on certain styles of dress
and appearance?)
• Bias based on ethnicity? (What things do we
pretend to know about certain races or cultural
groups?)
• Gender? (What do or can all girls do? Boys? How
do boys act? Girls?)
• Geographic locations (like Kentuckians)
Formal vs. Informal?
• See video
• Letter editing activity
Transitions -
First, similarly, on the other hand, therefore, consequently,
finally, eventually, likewise, however, even though,
although, Later, as a result,
Sequence Compare Contrast Cause and Effect
Example of a thesis statement: A)Topic: nuclear power
B). Opposing View: Nuclear power is a popular
in some places.
C) Opinion: Nuclear power is a not an reliable
power source .
D) 3 Reasons
1.It is potentially dangerous
2. It is more expensive than other alternatives.
3. It causes water, land and air pollution.
Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a
reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more
expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.
Thesis statement = A+B+C + D Although it is popular in some states, nuclear
power is not a reliable power source because
it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the
alternatives, and it causes pollution.
Let’s Try this… A) Topic : Keep Study Hall or Get Rid of
B) Opposing Opinion:
C) My opinion:
D) Three Reasons
-
-
-
Main Idea? Detail? Not Supporting Detail
(X) ?
1. ______A study at one prison show that owning a pet can change a hardened prison inmate into a more caring person.
2. ______Another study discovered that senior citizens, both those living alone and those in nursing homes, became more interested in life when they were given pets to care for.
3. ______These animals are certainly helpful to mental illness, but require a lot of care, money, and maintenance.
4. ______ Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy t o hold.
5. ______ Animals, then, can be a means of therapy for many kinds of
individuals.
WARNING- Effort today may lead to a
successful final exam
Part 1- 44. Dashes
33. Sentence types 45. Quotation Marks
34. Sentence Errors 46. STOP
35. Redundancy
36. Transitions
41. Commas
A, B, C, D, and E
42. Colons
43. Semi-colons
If a term or item has an
explanation next to it, note it
PLUS at least one example
exercise! Take this practice
seriously, and tomorrow, you’ll be
glad you did!
Reading Strategies & Informational
Text.
An inference is an educated guess. Every good
inference needs evidence from the text to
support it.
For a story, you should retell the plot
elements. For Nonfiction, retell the main idea
plus some major details.
Informational Reading
STATED- Main idea is written directly in the article. It is
usually the first sentence but can be anywhere in the
paragraph. (Same as topic sentence)
IMPLIED- Main idea is found by reading each sentence and
deciding what major idea the author is trying to teach you
using these sentences.
Summary vs. Paraphrase
Summarize- Use the basic idea of a source, but make
the summarized idea shorter and in your own words.
Paraphrasing- Use the basic idea, but change the
language and the order of the words. The idea and
length do not change.
What activities make these concepts important? (Think
back to what we’ve written this year)
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