Presented to: Orlando Florida Flying Community By: The FAASTeam - Dennis H. Whitley Date: December...

Presented to: Orlando Florida Flying Community

By: The FAASTeam - Dennis H. Whitley

Date: December 9, 2010

Federal AviationAdministrationFAASTeam FAASTeam

Orlando FloridaOrlando FloridaPresentationPresentation

Pilot DeviationsPilot Deviations

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Pilot Deviations

251

129

2643

53

144

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Total-SouthernRegion

Altitude Restricted TFR Runway Total N-Florida

Deviations

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Pilot Deviations

92

35

25

12

5 4 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Alt. A Space Course FAR Speed Qualif VFR To IFR

Deviations

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Pilot Deviations - Air

251

129

26

4353

144

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Total-SouthernRegion

Altitude Restricted TFR Runway Total N-Florida

Deviations

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How to Reduce Pilot Deviations

• Educate yourself to recognize the potential for Pilot Deviations during all Areas of Operation

• Create and demonstrate situations that will enable you to experience various types of Pilot Deviations first hand in the training environment.

• Practice strategies to mitigate Pilot Deviations dependant on distractions and/or cockpit confusion.

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Accident Rates by Time in Type

• Time Accidents Fatalities

• 0-100 46.9% 41.3%• 101-200 13.8% 17.5%• 201-300 7.6% 7.5%• 301-400 4.8% 1.3%• 801-900 1% 0.0%

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Percentage of Accidents/Fatalities

• Accidents and Fatalities by Phase of FlightAccidents and Fatalities by Phase of Flight

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Types of Pilot-Related Accidents

Weather= 4% Descent/Approach= 4.2% Maneuvering= 5.3% Fuel Management= 5.8% Takeoff/Climbs= 11% Landings= 32.9% Others= 9%

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Runway Incursion Challenge

• 58 million landings and takeoffs last year *

• Thousands of runway crossings per day!

• Human error is a certainty • Technology has limitations

• Causes – Consequences are global in nature

Source: * FAA Runway Safety Fact Sheet

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Pilots are Very Confident by Nature and by Culture

• I’m a professional!• I’ve trained hard and long for this!• I’ve done it thousands of times!• I’m current and very proficient!• What could possibly go wrong???

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What can you do to reduce runway incursions?

• Plan your surface operations• Employ cockpit discipline• Understand taxi procedures• Make proper use of aircraft lights• Use proper communication techniques• Understand/recognize airport signs and

markings• STAY ALERT – Look both ways prior to

crossing any runways!

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Planning Surface Operations

• Pre plan taxi routes at departure and destination airports

• Ensure you have an accurate, up to date airport diagram available

• Review NOTAM’s and ATIS for possible construction impacts – rwy/twy closures

• Look for “hot spots”– Jeppesen airport diagrams – FAA charts

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Verify Compass heading to confirm proper runway taxiway selection.

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Cockpit Discipline

• Minimize distractions during critical phases– Taxi for takeoff is where majority of RIs occur– Delay checklists until off the runway

• Recognize when you need to have “heads up”– Any time the plane is moving but…– Especially when approaching a runway or an intersecting taxiway

• Write down taxi routes and clearances– From RIIEP – 72% of pilots who had incursion DID NOT

• Use the airport diagram during taxi– From RIIEP – 47% of pilots who had Rwy inc DID NOT

• Verbalize critical instructions to other crew members– Hold Short or Crossing instructions

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Pilot Deviations What’s the Problem?

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• TFR – Temporary Flight Restriction

• SFRA – Special Flight Rules Area

• MOA – Military Operations Area

• ADIZ – Air Defense Identification Zone

• Prohibited – From the surface to defined limit

• Alert – Informs of a high volume of aerial activity

• Warning – Areas 3 NM beyond the US coast, possible hazardous activity

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SITUATIONAL AWARENESS WILL SAVE YOUR LIFE!

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Questions?

Comments?

Ideas?

Quiz time ~

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1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing.

a. True

b. False

2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should

a. Consult your taxi chart

b. Ask ATC

c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger

d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.

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3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend.

4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator??

5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False?

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6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general?

a. Communications

b. Airport Knowledge

c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation

d. Distraction

e. All of the above

Answers Follow –

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1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing.a. Trueb. False

b. False - Airplane Flying Handbook2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi

after landing, you shoulda. Consult your taxi chartb. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passengerd. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.

b. Ask ATC - Airplane Flying Handbook

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3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend.

True, RI’s so far during FY 2010 have decreased slightly - Office of Runway Safety; FAA.

4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator??

“YES” – FAA, Office of Runway Safety.

5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False?

“False’ – AIM, Section 5 and Airplane Flying

Handbook

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6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general?

a. Communications

b. Airport Knowledge

c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation

d. Distraction

e. All of the above

e. All of the above - Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3A) page 1-5

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This Completes Our ProgramThis Completes Our Program

Pilot Deviations and Runway IncursionsPilot Deviations and Runway Incursions

CONGRATULATIONS!CONGRATULATIONS!

Be sure to have signed in for creditBe sure to have signed in for credit

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FAASTeam Nap Time

Take a Break!