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1. The prevalence of RV in the total of stool samples in pig farms in Catalonia that presented outbreaks of diarrhea in lactation is 44.2%. 2. Samples of animals with diarrhea are 3 times (OR: 2.93) more likely to be positive to RV than samples obtained from animals without diarrhea. 3. Good biosecurity measures are of great importance in order to reduce the prevalence of the virus in farms. In this way, the risk of entry and spread of pathogens in the farms
could be limited.
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DIARRHEA High Virus load
Moderate Virus load
NO DIARRHEA
WEANING
1st WEEK
4th WEEK
3rd WEEK
2nd WEEK
Sampling (n = 242)
No Diarrhea (n = 62)
Diarrhea (n = 180)
RT - PCR
Epidemiological survey
The survey asked about aspects related to: • General data on the farm • Biosecurity measures • Farm management • Vehicles • Workers • Facilities
The survey was passed to 9 of the 21 rotavirus-positive farms.
Descriptive analysis
Statistic Analysis
Factors p- Valor H. Kruskal -
Wallis
Means
Adaptation
period
0.0396 4.23 <2 months 26.11%
>2 months 64.41%
Sanitary ford 0.0196 5.44 Yes 29.54%
No 69.1%
Farm size 0.8969 0.0168 Big 54.73%
Small 56.50%
Vaccination
of RV
0.8969 0.0168 No 55.43%
Yes 56.86%
FARMS Total samples Positive samples
BARRINA 6 3 (50%)
JETSA 10 3 (30%)
PUJOL 11 4 (36.36%)
CLARET 16 14 (87.5%)
OLIVERS 15 7 (46.67%)
OLIOLA 7 7 (100%)
CABANAS 9 2 (22.22%)
MITJANETA 7 3 (42.86%)
CASTILLA 8 7 (87.5%)
ROTAVIRUS
D
I
A
R
R
H
E
A
Positive Negative TOTAL
Positive 91 89 180
Negative 16 46 62
TOTAL 107 135 242
Factor p-Valor Chi2 O.R.
Diarrea x RV 0.00071 11.45 2.93
29 Farms
Results of some variables related to the observed prevalence in the farm.
Relationship among samples with or without diarrhea and rotavirus infection.
Prevalence of surveyed farms
• Samples from animals with diarrhea were more likely of being positive to RV than the samples
obtained from animals without diarrhea (O.R. 2.93). On the other hand, some animals with diarrhea were negative to RV, so it is essential to make a broad laboratory diagnosis that includes cases (animals with diarrhea) and controls (without diarrhea) to check the degree of involvement of other pathogens.
• Adaptation periods of less than two months had lower prevalence of RV, compared to those
that carry out an adaptation period of more than two months. It could be due to a greater recirculation of virus and reinfections among the animals of the farm that favors the longer they are in the adaptation phase.
• It was determined that farms with presence of sanitary ford had an average prevalence of
29.54%, while farms without sanitary ford had an average prevalence of 69.10%. • Both farm size and vaccination against RV did not show significant differences on the
prevalence of RV in the farms surveyed. No significant differences were found in farm size; could be due to the insufficient sample size.
• On the other hand, vaccination against RV is still very recent, since in Spain this vaccine is not
marketed but imported from other countries. That is why, the lack of information and the results of the vaccine against RV can be a limiting factor to determine if its use can influence the prevalence of the virus in the farms surveyed.
Porcine Rotavirus causes a large number of diarrheas in pigs specially in suckling piglets. It has high resistance in the environment and generates an economic and productive impact to the farms. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Rotavirus in farms of Catalonia and to relate the importance of biosecurity measures and the management established in them.
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