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8/3/2019 Present Scenario of Use of Solar Energy Inindia
1/14
PRESENT SCENARIO OF USE OF SOLAR ENERGY ININDIA & SCOPE IN FUTUREINTRODUCIONSources
of energyThe historical as well as present day civilisation of mankind are closelyinterwoven with
energy and there is little reason to doubt but that in the future our existence will be ever more
dependent upon this thing called energy. This is alsoproven with the consumption of energy countrylikewise one person of United nationof America (USA) consumes five time more energy than one
person of India. Thereare many sources of energy available and can be categorised as:Fig: sources of
energy
SOURCES OFENERGYCONVENTIONAL ENRGYSOURCES (FUELS)NON-CONVENTIONALENRGY
SOURCESSOLID- Coal, coke,coke LIQUIDS- Petroleumand its derivativesGASES- Natural gas,Blast
furnace gas etc.Solar energy.Nuclear energy.Energy stored inwater.Wind energy.Tidal
energy.Geothermal energy.Thermoelectric power.
So it is clear that the conventional energy sources are limited and they produces theenergy onburning of them which is not desirable because of several hazards, but it isalso discussed that for the
growth of mankind energy is important so, it is necessary tobe focus on the non-conventional energy
sources.Sun as the source of energyThe sun is a sphere of intensely hot gaseous matter with a
diameter of 1.39*10^9mand is, about 1.5*10^11m away from the earth, the sun rotates on its axis
once aboutevery four weeks. The sun in effect is a continuous fusion reactor with its
constituentgases as the containing vessel retained by gravitational forces. Several fusionreactions
have been suggested as the source of energy radiated by the sun, the one tobe considered the most
important is the process in which four hydrogen atomscombine to form a one helium atom; the
mass of the helium nucleus is less then thatof four protons, some mass having been lost in reaction
and converted to energy.Since the energy getting from the sun is totally free of cost so the utilisation
of solar energy is very beneficial hence there have been significant development in the field of solar
energy science and technology is taken great interest in the recent years andcontinuous in these
days also. For developing countries like India, providing energy toits citizens in an efficient and cost
effective manner is a highly challenging task. Inspite of significant harnessing of the fossil fuel
reserves and hydel power, the gapbetween supply and demand of energy is ever increasing. One of
the possible optionso bridge this gap is by making the extensive use of solar energy. Solar energy can
beused both directly and indirectly. Sun causes the wind to blow, plant o grow, water tobe lifted
from oceans to return through rivers, waves on water bodies to be formedand temperature to
between surface and bottom layers of oceans. All can work as therenewable energy source. The
various solar energy applications are as follows:1. Solar water heating2. Solar air heating3. Solar crop
and timber drying4. Solar water distillation5. Solar cooking6. Solar passive and active heating of
buildings
7. Solar refrigeration and air conditioning8. Solar power generation9. Solar electricity generation by
solar cell etc. I NDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO
India is a country occupying 2% of the world's land mass and currently generatingabout 2% of the
global electricity, mostly using low grade coal of which it has about5% of the world reserves. India
has, however a share of 16% in the world'spopulation. To achieve a modestly high level of economic
growth, the domesticgeneration capacity needs to be increased at least tenfold, to about 900 GW.
Even withfull utilisation of all existing commercially exploitable domestic
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hydrocarbon,hydroelectric and non-conventional resources, this level of increased
generationcapacity cannot be sustained for more than a few decades. For a large country likeIndia,
bulk imports of fuel or energy are neither affordable nor strategically prudent.To meet energy
demand solar power can play an important role. Power Generation in IndiaAs on March 31,
2005Installed Capacity Million WattsCoal 67791Diesel 1201Gas 11910Total 80902Solar and
RenewableEnergy3811Nuclear 2770Hydro 30936Grand Total 118419SOLAR POWER IN INDIA
India is both densely populated and has high solar insolation, providing an idealcombination for
solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electricgrid, so one of the first
applications of solar power has been for water pumping, tobegin replacing India's four to five million
diesel powered water pumps, eachconsuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large
projects have beenproposed, and a 35,000 km area of theThar Deserthas been set aside for solar
power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100gigawatts.Annual insolationWith about 301 clear
sunny days in a year,India's theoreticalsolar power reception, just on its land area, is about 5Ph/year
(i.e. = 5000 trillion k Wh/yr ~ 600TW). The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from
4 to 7 kWh/m2with about2,3003,200 sunshine hours per year, depending upon location. This is far
more thancurrent total energy consumption. For example, even assuming 10% conversionefficiency
for PV modules, it will still be thousand times greater than the likelyelectricity demand in India by
the year 2015.Present Status1. Installed capacityThe amount of solar energy produced in India is
merely 0.5% compared to other energy resources. The Grid-interactive solar power as of June 2007
was merely
2.12 MW. Government-funded solar energy in India only accounted for approximately6.4
megawatt-years of power as of 2005.2. Still unaffordableSolar power is currently prohibitive due to
high initial costs of deployment. To spawna thriving solar market, the technology needs to be
competitively cheaper i.e.attaining cost parity with fossil or nuclear energy. India is heavily
dependent on coaland foreign oil a phenomenon likely to continue until non-fossil /
renewableenergy technology become economically viable in the country. The cost of
productionranges from Rs 15 to Rs 30 per unit compared to around Rs 2 to Rs 6 per unit for
conventional thermal energy.3. Government policyTheMinistry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE)have initiated schemes andincentives like subsidy, soft loan, concessional duty on raw
material imports,excise duty exemption on certain devices/systems etc. to boost the production
anduse of solar energy systems. The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency(IREDA) provides
revolving fund to financing and leasing companies offeringaffordable credit for the purchase of PV
systems. An Expert Committee constituted bythe Planning Commission has prepared an IntegratedEnergy Policy which envisions a10 million square meter solar collector area, to be set up by 2022,
and capable of conserving electricity equivalent to that generated from a 500 MW power plant.
Thestate of West Bengal has initiated to make the use of solar power mandatory in newmulti-storied
buildings. However the Indian government support is insignificantcompared to the support solar
energy receives by governments in Europe and EastAsia.4. Solar Funds and InvestmentsWith high
deployment price as the main hurdle before a solar market, variousorganisations have developed
innovative funding schemes to catalyse solar'sattractiveness. One of the most successful example
is thesolar loanprogramme inIndia, sponsored by UNEP in partnership with two of India's major
banking groups -Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank, and their sponsored Grameen Banks. It was a
four-year $7.6 million effort, launched in April 2003 to help accelerate the market for
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financing solar home systems in southern India. Foreign Direct Investment up to100 percent is
permitted in non-conventional energy sector through the automaticroute. The Multilateral
Development Banks like World Bank and Asian DevelopmentBank are also helping India but, the
funding from MDBs on solar energyenhancement is negligible compare to other clean energy
support in India. Investmentby private companies is a trend that has just started. (Examples
includeSignet Solar ,U.S.-based Cypress Semiconductor, SunTechnics Energy, etc.)5. Thar desertIn
1996 Amoco/Enron Solar Power Development planned to build a 50 MW solar photovoltaic plant in
the Thar desert near Jaisalmer in Rajasthan state. Two other projects were proposed, one a 50 MW
photovoltaics plant and the other a 200 MWsolar chimney. None of these have been completed. The
Rajashtan government,however, has set aside a 35,000 km area of the Thar desert for solar
power.6. PV manufacture in IndiaCurrent PV manufacturing in India includes:BP-Tata joint
venture.Moser-Baer signed up for a thin film Si plant provided by Applied Materials.Solar
Semiconductor Pvt in Hyderabad, AP.7. Solar engineering trainingThe Australian government has
awarded UNSW A$5.2 million to train next-generation solar energy engineers from Asia-Pacific
nations, specifically India andChina, as part of the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Developmentand Climate(APP). Certain programmes are designed to target for rural solar usage
development.Applications1. Rural electrificationLack of electricity infrastructure is one of the main
hurdles in the development of rural India. India's grid system is considerably under-developed, with
major sectionsof its populace still surviving off-grid. As of 2004 there are about 80,000 unelectrified
villages in the country. Of these villages, 18,000 could not be electrified throughextension of the
conventional grid. A target for electrifying 5,000 such villages wasfixed for the Tenth National Five
Year Plan (20022007). As on 2004, more than2,700 villages and hamlets had been electrified
mainly using SPV systems.Developments on cheap solar technology is considered as a potential
alternative thatallows an electricity infrastructure comprising of a network of local-grid clusterswithdistributed electricity generation. That could allow bypassing, or at least relieving theneed of
installing expensive, and lossy, long-distance centralised power deliverysystems and yet bring cheap
electricity to the masses.2. Agricultural supportA. Water pumpingSolar PV water pumping systems
are used for irrigation and drinking water. Themajority of the pumps are fitted with a 2003,000
watt motor that are powered with1,800 Wp PV array which can deliver about 140,000 liters of
water/day from a totalhead of 10 meters. By 30 September, 2006, a total of 7,068 solar PV water
pumpingsystems have been installed. B. Harvest processingSolar driers are used to dry harvests
before storage.3. CoolingAnother e.g. is the cost of energy expended on temperature control a
factor squarely influencing regionalenergy intensity. With cooling load demands beingroughly in
phase with the sun's intensity,coolingfrom intense solar radiation could bean attractive energy-
economic option in the subcontinent.Challenges and Constraints1. Land scarcityPer capita land
availabiity is a scarce resource in India. Dedication of land area for exclusive installation of solar cells
might have to compete with other necessities thatrequire land. The amount of land required for
utility-scale solar power plants currently approximately 1 km for every 2060 megawatts (MW)
generated could
pose a strain on India's available land resource. The architecture more suitable for most of India
would be a highly distributed, individual rooftop power generationsystems, all connected via a local
grid. However, erecting such an infrastructure which doesn't enjoy the economies of scale
possible in mass utility-scale solar paneldeployment needs the market price of solar technology
deployment to substantiallydecline so that it attracts the individual and average family size
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household consumer.That might be possible in the future, since PV is projected to continue its
current costreductions for the next decades and be able to compete with fossil fuel.2. Slow
progressWhile the world has progressed substantially in production of basic silicon mono-crystalline
photovoltaic cells, India has fallen short to achieve the worldwidemomentum. India is now in 7th
place worldwide in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Cellproduction and 9th place in Solar Thermal Systems
with nations like Japan, Europe,China, and the US currently ranked far ahead. Globally, solar is the
fastest growingsource of energy (though from a very small base) with an annual average growth of
35%, as seen during the past few years.WAY FORWARD FOR SOLAR ENERGY PLAYERS IN
INDIAMarket Analysis & Opportunities:India had an installed solar power capacity of 1700 MW in
2007 which amounted toroughly 1% of its total power generation of 130,000 MW. India is currently
ranked 7thin the world in Solar PV cell production. But considering Indias geographic locationand
climatic conditions, this is a huge market waiting to be tapped.India receives bright sunlight
almost throughout the year especially in West andCentral parts of the country. Due to global
warming and rising CO2 levels, averagetemperature in India is set to increase by 4 degrees by 2050.
Given Governmentsrecent policy announcement which gives thrust to green and renewable energy,thereis a commercial opportunity which can be exploited. Some of the incentives given by
the government are: Subsidy of Rs 12/unit on medium scale operations (1-5 MW capacity) 100%
depreciation of equipments used in 1st year itself Other tax benefits like zero excise dutyThese
measures though very limited as compared to other countries like USA or Germany, the world
leaders in solar energy, but still it is a step in the right direction.So it is no surprise that many big
companies have announced sizeable investments inthis field. At present the main players are Tata
BP Solar Moser Baer Central Electronics Ltd. SELCO BHELMany more are expected to join like
DuPont, Dow Chemicals and surprisingly evenGoogle.Improvement in PV technology, which is
touching efficiencies of 30%, anddevelopment of newer technologies especially STEG (solarthermal electricitygeneration) are driving the energy costs down.Till now, use of solar energy in
India is limited to rural areas for lighting purposes.But innovation can play a major role in expanding
the scope of applications.I NDIA - A LONG RACE IN SOLAR POWER India, the world's second-most
populous country, is facing a looming energy crisis.Soaring oil prices, and continued dependence on
a few countries for oil, has led to theuse of renewable energy sources to secure energy. Given that
this is a tropical countryrich in sunlight, solar energy offers the most practicable solution to
overcominggrowing energy demand. The daily average solar energy incident over India variesfrom 4-
7 kWh per square meter, depending upon the location.
India still is not among the world's top 10 solar energy generators. But at the currentpace of 20percent annual growth, India could emerge as the fourth largest market for solar energy after
Germany, Japan and China in the coming years. So far, around 1.4million solar Photovoltaic (PV)
systems, together amounting to about 110 MW peak solar photovoltaic module capacity, have been
installed - largely for off-grid andagricultural pumping applications. The country has some of the best
quality silicareserves in the states of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. With over 50,000 villages in
Indiawithout electricity, solar power has enormous potential to meet rural electricity
needs,improving the lives of millions of Indians and meeting critical agricultural,educational
and industrial needs.It is perhaps the only country in the world with an independent Ministry for
renewableenergy, known as the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy [MNRE].To keep pace
with the global rise in the PV industry, Government of India (GoI) hasinstituted solar industry
programs on both the demand and the supply side. On thedemand side, GoI announced a Feed-in-
8/3/2019 Present Scenario of Use of Solar Energy Inindia
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Tariff (FiT) providing financial support up toINR 12 per kWh for Solar PV projects promising a 10 year
commitment with a cap of 50 MW. Several state governments followed suit by announcing FiT
incentives withcaps ranging from 50MW to 500 MW, the most prominent among them being
WestBengal, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab and Tamil Nadu. The government of Gujarat(located in
western India) recently announced a policy to target 500 MW in the state.The Feed-in-Tariff will be
US$ 0.27/kWh for a period of 12 years.
The maximum size per project is 5 MW to enable more customers. Developers willalso have access
to an 80% accelerated depreciation benefit under the Income TaxAct. The state has already received
proposals worth 2,000 MW. In response to thispolicy, Aston field Renewable Resources Limited
signed a deal for 200 MW and isalready in talks with global majors from Europe and USA for
technology tie-ups.TATA-BP Solar (a joint venture between the TATA group and BP Solar)
announcedthat it is setting up a 5 MW project. In addition, more than 2,500 MW worth of
applications have been submitted to state governments of Rajasthan, West Bengal,Punjab, Haryana,
Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.On the supply side, during August 2008, GoI announced a semiconductor
policy withcabinet-approved incentives to attract foreign investment to the semiconductor
sector,including manufacturers of semiconductors, displays and solar technologies. GoI willbear 20
percent of capital expenditures in the first 10 years if a unit is located withinone of the Special
Economic Zones (SEZs), including a major economic zone inHyderabad called "Fab City". The
minimum investment was set at INR 25 billion for semiconductor manufacturers and INR 10 billion
for other micro- and nanotechnologyorganizations. The solar industry has been the chief
beneficiary of theseannouncements under this incentive-based economic policy.PROGRAMMES
CUNDUCTED BYINDIAN RENEWABLEENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (IREDA):IREDA has been set up
to support various new and renewable sources of energyprojects and schemes on large scale by way
of extending soft loans. The agency isresponsible for financing such projects through internalresources, equity andmobilization of funds from external agencies.The Ministry has been recognized
on the basis of end user applications of renewableenergy systems and devices during the year 1993-
94. In order to lay emphasis ongeneration of power, generation of energy from urban/municipal and
industrial wastes
and universalisation of rural energy programmes of Biogas and improved chulhassystems and
commercialization and market orientation of various NRSE programmes.This ministry is investing
and working on the following solar energy programme.Solar Energy Programme:Includes provision
for solar thermal energy programme, solar photovoltaic Energyprogramme includes research and
development, demonstration and extension of solar thermal energy technologies and inter-aliaenvisages support in the form of soft loansfor solar thermal systems and promotional measures for
solar cookers. The solar photovoltaic programme covers R&D, utilization and demonstration of
variousphotovoltaic systems and devices. Subsidy is provided on solar lanterns, homelighting
systems, streetlights and solar pumps. The preparatory activities for setting upa 140 MW ISCC Power
Plant at Mathania in Rajasthan with WB/KFW assistance arebeing continued and necessary approval
of Government of India has now beenaccorded to the project. The pilot scheme to augment and
supplement grid power byinstalling 25 -100 KW SPV power systems is being continued. The Solar
EnergyCentre has been established with the objective of research and development, testingand
standardization, prototype development, technology transfer, demonstration andfield testing,
consultancy and advisory service and development of manpower in thearea of solar energy.
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LARGEST SOLAR ENERGY PROJECT PLANNED FOR I NDIA OF CAPACIY OF 5GWFig: Solar energy
project of 5GW at Madhopur, near bhuj (Gujarat)The worlds largest solar energy project is currently
in its planning phases, and itlooks like its going to be absolutely enormous. Planned for Gujarat,
India, itll beproducing 5 gigawatts of power when all is said and done. Thats a serious amount ofenergy.The plan is to build an array thats five times the size of the current largest solar project in
the world. Itll cost about $475 million to construct, and all the productionand manufacturing will be
done on site, employing local workers and using localmaterials. The current largest solar array in the
world produces 900 megawatts of power, so this 5 gigawatts plan gives you an idea of its scope.
BRIGHT FUTURE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN INDIA
The above table signifies that how the role of solar energy will play veryimportant role in future for
the generation of energy and about more than 50% energycan be produced using it in future, since
the conventional sources are vanishing so it isnecessary to pay more attention on renewable energysources and specially on solar energy.27 %2 3/10 %3 1/5 %68 % 15 %20 %50 %15 %Fig: (i) present
energy production, (ii) future energy productionIt is also said that country specially developing
nation such as India should pay moreand more attention. Since India is a tropical nation. It has
enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy. It is also available everywhere so it is becoming very
popular inrural and remote areas, also, non-polluting system is a great advantage of solar
energy.The improvement on the energy production using solar energy is started in India, inthis way
the worlds largest solar plant is established in madhopur, near bhuj. Alsomore than 70000 PV
systems are generating more than 44MW. More than 3000 solar water pumping systems are
working in India and considerably more improvement istaking place.So, there is no doubt to say the
scope of power generation using solar energy is verybright and to becoming a developed nation the
consumption of solar energy have to bedone
PRESENT SCENARIO OF USE OF SOLAR ENERGY ININDIA & SCOPE IN FUTURE
INTRODUCION
Sources of energy
The historical as well as present day civilisation of mankind are closelyinterwoven with energy andthere is little reason to doubt but that in the future our existence will be ever more dependent upon
this thing called energy. This is alsoproven with the consumption of energy country likewise one
person of United nationof America (USA) consumes five time more energy than one person of India.
Thereare many sources of energy available and can be categorised as:Fig: sources of energy
SOURCES OFENERGY
CONVENTIONAL ENRGYSOURCES (FUELS)
NON-CONVENTIONALENRGY SOURCES
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SOLID- Coal, coke,coke LIQUIDS- Petroleumand its derivativesGASES- Natural gas,Blast furnace gas
etc.Solar energy.Nuclear energy.Energy stored inwater.Wind energy.Tidal energy.Geothermal
energy.Thermoelectric power.
8/3/2019 Present Scenario of Use of Solar Energy Inindia
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8/3/2019 Present Scenario of Use of Solar Energy Inindia
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So it is clear that the conventional energy sources are limited and they produces theenergy on
burning of them which is not desirable because of several hazards, but it isalso discussed that for the
growth of mankind energy is important so, it is necessary tobe focus on the non-conventional energy
sources.
Sun as the source of energy
The sun is a sphere of intensely hot gaseous matter with a diameter of 1.39*10^9mand is, about
1.5*10^11m away from the earth, the sun rotates on its axis once aboutevery four weeks. The sun in
effect is a continuous fusion reactor with its constituentgases as the containing vessel retained by
gravitational forces. Several fusionreactions have been suggested as the source of energy radiated
by the sun, the one tobe considered the most important is the process in which four hydrogen
atomscombine to form a one helium atom; the mass of the helium nucleus is less then thatof four
protons, some mass having been lost in reaction and converted to energy.Since the energy gettingfrom the sun is totally free of cost so the utilisation of solar energy is very beneficial hence there
8/3/2019 Present Scenario of Use of Solar Energy Inindia
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have been significant development in the field of solar energy science and technology is taken great
interest in the recent years andcontinuous in these days also. For developing countries like India,
providing energy toits citizens in an efficient and cost effective manner is a highly challenging task.
Inspite of significant harnessing of the fossil fuel reserves and hydel power, the gapbetween supply
and demand of energy is ever increasing. One of the possible optionso bridge this gap is by making
the extensive use of solar energy. Solar energy can beused both directly and indirectly. Sun causes
the wind to blow, plant o grow, water tobe lifted from oceans to return through rivers, waves on
water bodies to be formedand temperature to between surface and bottom layers of oceans. All can
work as therenewable energy source. The various solar energy applications are as follows:1. Solar
water heating2. Solar air heating3. Solar crop and timber drying4. Solar water distillation5. Solar
cooking6. Solar passive and active heating of buildings
7. Solar refrigeration and air conditioning8. Solar power generation9. Solar electricity generation by
solar cell etc.
I NDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO
India is a country occupying 2% of the world's land mass and currently generatingabout 2% of the
global electricity, mostly using low grade coal of which it has about5% of the world reserves. India
has, however a share of 16% in the world'spopulation. To achieve a modestly high level of economic
growth, the domesticgeneration capacity needs to be increased at least tenfold, to about 900 GW.
Even withfull utilisation of all existing commercially
exploitable domestic hydrocarbon,hydroelectric and non-conventional resources, this level of
increased generationcapacity cannot be sustained for more than a few decades. For a large countrylikeIndia, bulk imports of fuel or energy are neither affordable nor strategically prudent.To meet
energy demand solar power can play an important role.
http://electro-scope.blogspot.com/2007/08/indian-energy-scenario.htmlhttp://electro-scope.blogspot.com/2007/08/indian-energy-scenario.htmlhttp://electro-scope.blogspot.com/2007/08/indian-energy-scenario.htmlhttp://electro-scope.blogspot.com/2007/08/indian-energy-scenario.htmlhttp://electro-scope.blogspot.com/2007/08/indian-energy-scenario.html8/3/2019 Present Scenario of Use of Solar Energy Inindia
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stalled Capacity Million Wattsoal 67791iesel 1201as 11910otal 80902uclear 2770ydro 30936rand
Total 118419gin replacing India's four to five million diesel powered water pumps, each, and a
35,000 km area of theThar DesertgigawattsIndialsolar power PhWhTent total energy consumption.
For example, even assuming 10% conversionlled capacitygy resources. The Grid-interactive solar
power as of June 2007 was merelyunaffordablenment policyMinistry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE)tems etc. to boost the production andREDA) provides revolving fund to financing and
leasing companies offeringti-storied buildings. However the Indian government support is
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thar_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peta-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-hourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energyhttp://ad.xtendmedia.com/clk?3,eAGVTslugzAQ.ZrccIQXoBbqwQ2lIoqdNqUlHCk4QMQmcGSlX19TUO8djWbevDcbxL4tHQ9iz0Uwg3lBPR9iLCkkNC-wZfu-j6jnUoRdF1rR9ah35-S0Z8G5HthioeL7FTI9g3SpXh.mvAvKTyzeFupEphUFdXf.1Rfh3zEYRMXXqYgtdxlLHP3hxvzpb90LJ8dENOK7JIf42TnGkeJx2PB3WM38IRatuHIi2lSLNkLp-p2Zf7SsSqlhg9kGhca11tspH-uvYpv3rSGKPjeROJC61KEGQgIRsjEGwygn2Skw5bLLxroH.QVMfZONQHZyLO-g7owXdQayrjBd.SBn6nJTt1ECs.cH4Vx2zw==,http://ad.xtendmedia.com/clk?3,eAGVTslugzAQ.ZrccIQXoBbqwQ2lIoqdNqUlHCk4QMQmcGSlX19TUO8djWbevDcbxL4tHQ9iz0Uwg3lBPR9iLCkkNC-wZfu-j6jnUoRdF1rR9ah35-S0Z8G5HthioeL7FTI9g3SpXh.mvAvKTyzeFupEphUFdXf.1Rfh3zEYRMXXqYgtdxlLHP3hxvzpb90LJ8dENOK7JIf42TnGkeJx2PB3WM38IRatuHIi2lSLNkLp-p2Zf7SsSqlhg9kGhca11tspH-uvYpv3rSGKPjeROJC61KEGQgIRsjEGwygn2Skw5bLLxroH.QVMfZONQHZyLO-g7owXdQayrjBd.SBn6nJTt1ECs.cH4Vx2zw==,http://ad.xtendmedia.com/clk?3,eAGVTslugzAQ.ZrccIQXoBbqwQ2lIoqdNqUlHCk4QMQmcGSlX19TUO8djWbevDcbxL4tHQ9iz0Uwg3lBPR9iLCkkNC-wZfu-j6jnUoRdF1rR9ah35-S0Z8G5HthioeL7FTI9g3SpXh.mvAvKTyzeFupEphUFdXf.1Rfh3zEYRMXXqYgtdxlLHP3hxvzpb90LJ8dENOK7JIf42TnGkeJx2PB3WM38IRatuHIi2lSLNkLp-p2Zf7SsSqlhg9kGhca11tspH-uvYpv3rSGKPjeROJC61KEGQgIRsjEGwygn2Skw5bLLxroH.QVMfZONQHZyLO-g7owXdQayrjBd.SBn6nJTt1ECs.cH4Vx2zw==,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-hourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peta-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thar_Desert8/3/2019 Present Scenario of Use of Solar Energy Inindia
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insignificantFunds and Investmentsith high deployment price as the main hurdle before a solar
market, varioussolar loanSignet Solar echnics Energy, etc.)desertr chimney. None of these have been
completed. The Rajashtan government,manufacture in Indiaata joint venture..ralian
government has awarded UNSW A$5.2 million to train next-
villages and hamlets had been electrified mainly using SPV systems.ted electricity generation.
That could allow bypassing, or at least relieving thealling expensive, and lossy, long-distance
centralised power deliverysupportater pumpinglingenergy intensitycoolingscarcityately 1 km for
every 2060 megawatts (MW) generated could.progressstalline photovoltaic cells, India has fallen
short to achieve the worldwide:s geographic
locations, this is a huge market waiting to be tapped., the world leaders in solar energy, but still
it is a step in the right direction.s have announced sizeable investments
inent of newer technologies especially STEG (solar thermal electricityI NDIA - A LONG RACE IN
SOLAR POWER , India could emerge as the fourth largest market
for , known as the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy [MNRE].-Tariff (FiT) providing
financial support up togal, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab and Tamil Nadu. The government ofGujaratariff will be US$ 0.27/kWh for a period of 12 years.uctor policy withapproved incentives
to attract foreign investment to the semiconductor sector,rers of semiconductors, displays and solar
technologies. GoI willabad called "Fab City". The minimum investment was set at INR 25 billion
for zations. The solar industry has been the chief beneficiary of theseble for financing such pr
ojects through internal resources, equity andme includes research and development,
demonstration and extension of solar gy technologies and inter-alia envisages support in the form of
soft loansovoltaic programme covers R&D, utilization and demonstration of varioustovoltaic systems
and devices. Subsidy is provided on solar lanterns, homeing continued and necessary approval of
Government of India has now beenLARGEST SOLAR ENERGY PROJECT PLANNED FOR I s a serious
amount of t role in future for the generation of energy and about more than 50% energy. More than
3000 solar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Solar_Loan_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signet_Solarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_intensityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolinghttp://www.indiarenewablepower.com/2009/01/india-long-race-in-solar-power.htmlhttp://www.indiarenewablepower.com/2009/01/india-long-race-in-solar-power.htmlhttp://www.impactlab.com/2008/08/11/largest-solar-energy-project-planned-for-india/http://www.impactlab.com/2008/08/11/largest-solar-energy-project-planned-for-india/http://www.impactlab.com/2008/08/11/largest-solar-energy-project-planned-for-india/http://www.impactlab.com/2008/08/11/largest-solar-energy-project-planned-for-india/http://www.indiarenewablepower.com/2009/01/india-long-race-in-solar-power.htmlhttp://www.indiarenewablepower.com/2009/01/india-long-race-in-solar-power.htmlhttp://www.indiarenewablepower.com/2009/01/india-long-race-in-solar-power.htmlhttp://www.indiarenewablepower.com/2009/01/india-long-race-in-solar-power.htmlhttp://www.indiarenewablepower.com/2009/01/india-long-race-in-solar-power.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_intensityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signet_Solarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Solar_Loan_ProgrammeRecommended