Preconditions and changes of environment with focus on the Stockholm region A model of...

Preconditions and changes of Preconditions and changes of environment with focus on environment with focus on

the Stockholm regionthe Stockholm region

A model of interdisciplinary cooperationA model of interdisciplinary cooperation

Prof. Urve MillerProf. Urve Miller

Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm University

Helsinki

StockholmTallinn

St. Petersburg

ÖresundRegion

Gulf ofBothnia

Riga

Vilnius

Change of environment as Change of environment as norm – Stockholm region is an norm – Stockholm region is an

excellent exampleexcellent exampleThe changing factors are : The changing factors are : Sea – archipelago – main land = changing shore Sea – archipelago – main land = changing shore

line and salinityline and salinity Availability of land and freshwater for dwelling Availability of land and freshwater for dwelling

and use and use – – different soil and water sources available in different soil and water sources available in different times different times

Climate and vegetation. Immigration of trees. Climate and vegetation. Immigration of trees. Land useLand use

Landscape / environment, where the settling Landscape / environment, where the settling took place and the monuments were took place and the monuments were constructed, compared with their location nowconstructed, compared with their location now

Which were the deciding Which were the deciding factors for the settlers for factors for the settlers for choosing a dwelling site?choosing a dwelling site?

Did different tribes appreciate Did different tribes appreciate different qualities of different qualities of environment / landscape? environment / landscape?

Did their requests change in Did their requests change in time?time?

Questions of importanceQuestions of importance

Some examples from Some examples from different archaeological different archaeological

time periodstime periods

Stone Age – Grödinge, SödertörnStone Age – Grödinge, Södertörn Bronze Age – HallundaBronze Age – Hallunda Roman Iron Age – HelgöRoman Iron Age – Helgö Viking Age – Birka, BjörköViking Age – Birka, Björkö Medieval – Helgeandsholmen, Medieval – Helgeandsholmen,

central Stockholmcentral Stockholm

SödermanlSödermanland and and and Uppland Uppland

with with Stockholm Stockholm

in-betweenin-between

BaltiskaIssjön,

ca 15000-11500 år

sedan

Yoldiahavet, ca 11550-10800 år

sedan

Ancylussjön, ca 10800-

9500 år sedan

Litorina-havet,

ca 9500 år sedan - nutid

Four main Baltic StagesFour main Baltic Stages

Recent Recent apparent apparent

land land upliftuplift

Stockholm Stockholm region region shore shore

displacemdisplacement curves ent curves

and and settlement settlement

sitessites

Exposed Exposed soils soils

6250 BC6250 BC

Exposed Exposed soilssoils

5500 BC5500 BC

Exposed Exposed soilssoils

4700 BC4700 BC

Exposed Exposed soilssoils

4000 BC4000 BC

Council of Europe, PACT network (European Council of Europe, PACT network (European Network of Scientific and Technical Network of Scientific and Technical Cooperation for the Cultural Heritage)Cooperation for the Cultural Heritage)

NorFA (Nordic Academy of Advanced NorFA (Nordic Academy of Advanced Studies)Studies)

Stockholm University Stockholm University interdisciplinary interdisciplinary

cooperationcooperation

- Stockholm region and Uppland, Sweden- Stockholm region and Uppland, Sweden - Öresund region, southern Sweden / - Öresund region, southern Sweden /

DenmarkDenmark - Gulf of Bothnia, eastern Finland - Gulf of Bothnia, eastern Finland - Southern Italy - Southern Italy - The Baltic States- The Baltic States - St Petersburg region- St Petersburg region

Interdisciplinary courses Interdisciplinary courses focusing on changes in focusing on changes in

landscape and landscape and environment have been environment have been arranged since 1980´sarranged since 1980´s

Helsinki

StockholmTallinn

St. Petersburg

ÖresundRegion

Gulf ofBothnia

Riga

Vilnius

ResultsResults Several PhD, Licentiate and Master Degrees Several PhD, Licentiate and Master Degrees

have benefited of these courses and excursions have benefited of these courses and excursions Pilot studies have been carried out and resulted Pilot studies have been carried out and resulted

in new methods / parametersin new methods / parameters Awareness of the importance of changing Awareness of the importance of changing

environment and preconditions has increasedenvironment and preconditions has increased Long-term perspectives, compared with short-Long-term perspectives, compared with short-

termterm A joint terminology for humanists and natural A joint terminology for humanists and natural

scientistsscientists Publishing together, not as appendices, but Publishing together, not as appendices, but

writing a joint text writing a joint text

Birka; AD 750-975Birka; AD 750-975

J. Risberg, S. Karlsson, A.-M. Hansson, A. Hedenström, J. Heimdahl, U. Miller & C. Tingvall

Methods appliedMethods applied

LithostratigraphyLithostratigraphy Mineral magnetic parametersMineral magnetic parameters Siliceous microfossilsSiliceous microfossils Parasite eggsParasite eggs MacrofossilsMacrofossils Pollen and sporesPollen and spores Radiocarbon datingRadiocarbon dating

Diatom:Diatom: Aulacoseira Aulacoseira islandicaislandica

Phytolites:Indicate influence from terrestrial environments

Parasite eggsParasite eggs Trichuris trichuraTrichuris trichura Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides Capillaria hepaticaCapillaria hepatica

Indicate in-adequate sanitary conditionsIndicate in-adequate sanitary conditions

Length c. 50 μm

SÖDERTÖRN SÖDERTÖRN —INTERDISCIPLINARY —INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF STONE AGE INVESTIGATIONS OF STONE AGE SITES SITES IN EASTERN MIDDLE SWEDEN IN EASTERN MIDDLE SWEDEN

Agneta Åkerlund, Eva Olsson, Per Gustafsson & Urve Miller Agneta Åkerlund, Eva Olsson, Per Gustafsson & Urve Miller (eds)(eds)

ContentsContents 1. Perspectives and Strategy 1. Perspectives and Strategy 2. Background 2. Background 2A. Geological Background 2A. Geological Background 2B. Archaeological Background2B. Archaeological Background 3. Synthesis3. Synthesis 4. Thematic Studies4. Thematic Studies 5. Presentation of excavated setlement sites5. Presentation of excavated setlement sites References References

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!