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Preconditions and changes of Preconditions and changes of environment with focus on environment with focus on
the Stockholm regionthe Stockholm region
A model of interdisciplinary cooperationA model of interdisciplinary cooperation
Prof. Urve MillerProf. Urve Miller
Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm University
Helsinki
StockholmTallinn
St. Petersburg
ÖresundRegion
Gulf ofBothnia
Riga
Vilnius
Change of environment as Change of environment as norm – Stockholm region is an norm – Stockholm region is an
excellent exampleexcellent exampleThe changing factors are : The changing factors are : Sea – archipelago – main land = changing shore Sea – archipelago – main land = changing shore
line and salinityline and salinity Availability of land and freshwater for dwelling Availability of land and freshwater for dwelling
and use and use – – different soil and water sources available in different soil and water sources available in different times different times
Climate and vegetation. Immigration of trees. Climate and vegetation. Immigration of trees. Land useLand use
Landscape / environment, where the settling Landscape / environment, where the settling took place and the monuments were took place and the monuments were constructed, compared with their location nowconstructed, compared with their location now
Which were the deciding Which were the deciding factors for the settlers for factors for the settlers for choosing a dwelling site?choosing a dwelling site?
Did different tribes appreciate Did different tribes appreciate different qualities of different qualities of environment / landscape? environment / landscape?
Did their requests change in Did their requests change in time?time?
Questions of importanceQuestions of importance
Some examples from Some examples from different archaeological different archaeological
time periodstime periods
Stone Age – Grödinge, SödertörnStone Age – Grödinge, Södertörn Bronze Age – HallundaBronze Age – Hallunda Roman Iron Age – HelgöRoman Iron Age – Helgö Viking Age – Birka, BjörköViking Age – Birka, Björkö Medieval – Helgeandsholmen, Medieval – Helgeandsholmen,
central Stockholmcentral Stockholm
SödermanlSödermanland and and and Uppland Uppland
with with Stockholm Stockholm
in-betweenin-between
BaltiskaIssjön,
ca 15000-11500 år
sedan
Yoldiahavet, ca 11550-10800 år
sedan
Ancylussjön, ca 10800-
9500 år sedan
Litorina-havet,
ca 9500 år sedan - nutid
Four main Baltic StagesFour main Baltic Stages
Recent Recent apparent apparent
land land upliftuplift
Stockholm Stockholm region region shore shore
displacemdisplacement curves ent curves
and and settlement settlement
sitessites
Exposed Exposed soils soils
6250 BC6250 BC
Exposed Exposed soilssoils
5500 BC5500 BC
Exposed Exposed soilssoils
4700 BC4700 BC
Exposed Exposed soilssoils
4000 BC4000 BC
Council of Europe, PACT network (European Council of Europe, PACT network (European Network of Scientific and Technical Network of Scientific and Technical Cooperation for the Cultural Heritage)Cooperation for the Cultural Heritage)
NorFA (Nordic Academy of Advanced NorFA (Nordic Academy of Advanced Studies)Studies)
Stockholm University Stockholm University interdisciplinary interdisciplinary
cooperationcooperation
- Stockholm region and Uppland, Sweden- Stockholm region and Uppland, Sweden - Öresund region, southern Sweden / - Öresund region, southern Sweden /
DenmarkDenmark - Gulf of Bothnia, eastern Finland - Gulf of Bothnia, eastern Finland - Southern Italy - Southern Italy - The Baltic States- The Baltic States - St Petersburg region- St Petersburg region
Interdisciplinary courses Interdisciplinary courses focusing on changes in focusing on changes in
landscape and landscape and environment have been environment have been arranged since 1980´sarranged since 1980´s
Helsinki
StockholmTallinn
St. Petersburg
ÖresundRegion
Gulf ofBothnia
Riga
Vilnius
ResultsResults Several PhD, Licentiate and Master Degrees Several PhD, Licentiate and Master Degrees
have benefited of these courses and excursions have benefited of these courses and excursions Pilot studies have been carried out and resulted Pilot studies have been carried out and resulted
in new methods / parametersin new methods / parameters Awareness of the importance of changing Awareness of the importance of changing
environment and preconditions has increasedenvironment and preconditions has increased Long-term perspectives, compared with short-Long-term perspectives, compared with short-
termterm A joint terminology for humanists and natural A joint terminology for humanists and natural
scientistsscientists Publishing together, not as appendices, but Publishing together, not as appendices, but
writing a joint text writing a joint text
Birka; AD 750-975Birka; AD 750-975
J. Risberg, S. Karlsson, A.-M. Hansson, A. Hedenström, J. Heimdahl, U. Miller & C. Tingvall
Methods appliedMethods applied
LithostratigraphyLithostratigraphy Mineral magnetic parametersMineral magnetic parameters Siliceous microfossilsSiliceous microfossils Parasite eggsParasite eggs MacrofossilsMacrofossils Pollen and sporesPollen and spores Radiocarbon datingRadiocarbon dating
Diatom:Diatom: Aulacoseira Aulacoseira islandicaislandica
Phytolites:Indicate influence from terrestrial environments
Parasite eggsParasite eggs Trichuris trichuraTrichuris trichura Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides Capillaria hepaticaCapillaria hepatica
Indicate in-adequate sanitary conditionsIndicate in-adequate sanitary conditions
Length c. 50 μm
SÖDERTÖRN SÖDERTÖRN —INTERDISCIPLINARY —INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF STONE AGE INVESTIGATIONS OF STONE AGE SITES SITES IN EASTERN MIDDLE SWEDEN IN EASTERN MIDDLE SWEDEN
Agneta Åkerlund, Eva Olsson, Per Gustafsson & Urve Miller Agneta Åkerlund, Eva Olsson, Per Gustafsson & Urve Miller (eds)(eds)
ContentsContents 1. Perspectives and Strategy 1. Perspectives and Strategy 2. Background 2. Background 2A. Geological Background 2A. Geological Background 2B. Archaeological Background2B. Archaeological Background 3. Synthesis3. Synthesis 4. Thematic Studies4. Thematic Studies 5. Presentation of excavated setlement sites5. Presentation of excavated setlement sites References References
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!