Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into...

Precision AgriculturePrecision AgricultureUniversity of Tennessee ExtensionUniversity of Tennessee Extension

Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into 4-H Youth Programs4-H Youth ProgramsMichael J. BuschermohleMichael J. Buschermohle

Precision Agricultural SpecialistPrecision Agricultural SpecialistUniversity of Tennessee ExtensionUniversity of Tennessee Extension

Precision AgriculturePrecision AgricultureUniversity of Tennessee ExtensionUniversity of Tennessee Extension

OverviewOverview

• What is Global Positioning System (GPS) What is Global Positioning System (GPS) • How GPS worksHow GPS works• Types of GPS receiversTypes of GPS receivers• What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)• Integrating GPS and GIS into 4-H programsIntegrating GPS and GIS into 4-H programs

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GPS is a navigational system that can accurately locate your position anytime, GPS is a navigational system that can accurately locate your position anytime, anywhere, and regardless of weather on Earthanywhere, and regardless of weather on Earth

• Satellite-based navigation systems made up of a network of 24 satellites placed Satellite-based navigation systems made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defenseinto orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense

• Satellites orbit the earth at an altitude of about 12,500 milesSatellites orbit the earth at an altitude of about 12,500 miles

• Radio signals from the satellites can be used to determine accurate Radio signals from the satellites can be used to determine accurate georeferenced position informationgeoreferenced position information

What is GPSWhat is GPS

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Satellite SignalSatellite Signal

Satellites broadcast several pieces of informationSatellites broadcast several pieces of information• Emphemeris (Orbital) dataEmphemeris (Orbital) data• Timing dataTiming data

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How Does GPS WorkHow Does GPS Work

Speed of light = 186,000 mi/secSpeed of light = 186,000 mi/sec

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TrilaterationTrilateration

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Sources of GPS ErrorSources of GPS Error

• Clock ErrorsClock Errors• Atmospheric InterferenceAtmospheric Interference• Ephemeris (Orbital) VariationEphemeris (Orbital) Variation• Satellite ConfigurationSatellite Configuration• Signal MultipathSignal Multipath

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Sources of GPS ErrorSources of GPS ErrorClock ErrorsClock Errors

Let’s put some numbers on itLet’s put some numbers on it

Altitude = 12,500 mi.Altitude = 12,500 mi. Speed of light = 186,000 mi/secSpeed of light = 186,000 mi/secTransmission Time = 0.067 secTransmission Time = 0.067 sec

What happens if we are off a little?What happens if we are off a little?

0.001 sec * 186,000 mi/sec = 186 mi0.001 sec * 186,000 mi/sec = 186 mi

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Sources of GPS ErrorSources of GPS Error

Atmospheric InterferenceAtmospheric Interference

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Sources of GPS ErrorSources of GPS ErrorEphemeris (Orbital) VariationEphemeris (Orbital) Variation

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Sources of GPS ErrorSources of GPS ErrorSatellite ConfigurationSatellite Configuration

Poor (high) DOPPoor (high) DOP Good (low) DOPGood (low) DOPMeasure of the geometrical strength of the GPS satellite configuration Measure of the geometrical strength of the GPS satellite configuration

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Sources of GPS ErrorSources of GPS ErrorSignal MultipathSignal Multipath

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Counteracting GPS ErrorsCounteracting GPS Errors

• Land-Based Differential CorrectionLand-Based Differential Correction• Satellite-Based Differential CorrectionSatellite-Based Differential Correction• User Base Station RTK CorrectionUser Base Station RTK Correction

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Counteracting GPS ErrorsCounteracting GPS Errors

) ) ) ))) )

Land-Based Differential GPS CorrectionLand-Based Differential GPS Correction

Coast GuardCoast GuardBeaconBeacon

Differential Correction Codes

Differential Correction Codes

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Counteracting GPS ErrorsCounteracting GPS ErrorsSatellite-Based Differential GPS CorrectionSatellite-Based Differential GPS Correction

WAASWAASOmnistarOmnistar

DeereDeere

Differential Correction Codes

Differential Correction Codes

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Counteracting GPS ErrorsCounteracting GPS Errors

) ) ) ) )) )

Kinematic Differential GPS Correction Kinematic Differential GPS Correction

Operator’sOperator’sBaseBase

StationStation

Differential Correction CodesDifferential Correction Codes

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GPS ReceiversGPS Receivers

Low-CostLow-Cost Sub-MeterSub-Meter Sub-FootSub-Foot RTKRTKTypicalTypical

CorrectionCorrectionServiceService

WASS VariousOmnistarStarfire

BaseStation

CostCost $80-500 $1,000-4,000 $5,000-10,000 >$25,000AccuracyAccuracy 10 - 15 ft. < 3 ft. < 6 in. < 1 in.

Update RateUpdate Rate 0.5 – 1 Hz 1 – 10 Hz 1 – 10 Hz 1 – 20 Hz

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• Your current positionYour current position

• Coordinates (Latitude and Longitude, UTM, etc.)Coordinates (Latitude and Longitude, UTM, etc.)

• ElevationElevation

• Direction to specified waypointsDirection to specified waypoints

• Distance to specified waypointsDistance to specified waypoints

• Your speed of travelYour speed of travel

• Your direction of travelYour direction of travel

Basic Navigation Information Supplied Basic Navigation Information Supplied by GPS Receiversby GPS Receivers

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)Geographic Information Systems (GIS)GIS is a collection of computer hardware, software, and GIS is a collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and geographic data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and

displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.

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StatesStatesRoadsRoads

CapitalsCapitalsRivers Rivers

Lakes Lakes

GIS Maps are Based on Layers GIS Maps are Based on Layers

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Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into 4-H Youth Programsinto 4-H Youth Programs

What Type of GPS receiver should you buy?What Type of GPS receiver should you buy?

What is your application?What is your application?

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GPS ApplicationsGPS Applications

• Teaching users about GPS receiversTeaching users about GPS receivers• HikingHiking• GeocachingGeocaching• Nature StudyNature Study• Hunting Hunting • FishingFishing• BoatingBoating• BikingBiking• SkiingSkiing• Golf Golf

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Cost $100 – $400Cost $100 – $400 FeaturesFeatures

Internal Memory 8 – 30 MInternal Memory 8 – 30 MSC Card ExpandabilitySC Card ExpandabilityMapping Software CompatibilityMapping Software Compatibility

Low Cost (Handheld) GPS Receivers Low Cost (Handheld) GPS Receivers

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Mapping Software Mapping Software

Cost $100 - 150Cost $100 - 150

Compatibility depends on the unit Compatibility depends on the unit

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GPS ApplicationsGPS Applications

• Collecting geo-referenced dataCollecting geo-referenced data• GIS MappingGIS Mapping

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$400$400$600$600

HP IPAQHP IPAQ

Pocket PCs Running Windows CE Pocket PCs Running Windows CE

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Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into 4-H Youth Programsinto 4-H Youth Programs

What GIS software should you buy?What GIS software should you buy?

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GIS SoftwareGIS Software

• ESRIESRI– ArcMapArcMap– ArcPad for Windows CEArcPad for Windows CE

• Farm WorksFarm Works• Map ShotsMap Shots• JD OfficeJD Office• Easy SuiteEasy Suite

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On-Line Training CourseOn-Line Training Course“Learning How to Use ArcPad 7.0”“Learning How to Use ArcPad 7.0”

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On-Line Training CourseOn-Line Training Course“Learning How to Use ArcPad 7.0”“Learning How to Use ArcPad 7.0”

Learning Module 1: Moving Data to and From Your PDALearning Module 1: Moving Data to and From Your PDA

Learning Module 2: Getting to Know ArcPadLearning Module 2: Getting to Know ArcPad

Learning Module 3: Displaying DataLearning Module 3: Displaying Data

Learning Module 4: Creating FeaturesLearning Module 4: Creating Features

Learning Module 5: Using Your GPS ReceiverLearning Module 5: Using Your GPS Receiver

Learning Module 6: Capturing Features Using Your GPS ReceiverLearning Module 6: Capturing Features Using Your GPS Receiver

Learning Module 7: Making Your Map Look PrettyLearning Module 7: Making Your Map Look Pretty

Learning Module 8: Retrieving Information from Your MapLearning Module 8: Retrieving Information from Your Map

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Some GPS Applications for YouthSome GPS Applications for YouthGeocachingGeocaching

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Some GPS Applications for YouthSome GPS Applications for YouthCollecting and Mapping Geo-referenced data in Your CommunityCollecting and Mapping Geo-referenced data in Your Community

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Questions?Questions?