PreAp Biology Study of Life Themes & Concepts. PreAp Biology Age of Earth About 4.5 bya Life...

PreAp Biology

Study of Life

Themes & Concepts

PreAp Biology

Age of Earth

About 4.5 bya Life about 4 bya (Prokaryotes) Photosynthesis about 2.7 bya Organelles about 1.5 bya

(Eukaryotes) About 1bya multicellular organisms

PreAp Biology

Properties of lifeorder reproduction

growth & development

response

homeostasis evolutionaryadaptation

energyutilization

PreAp Biology

Themes Science as a process of inquiry Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society

PreAp Biology

Science as a process of inquiry

PreAp Biology

Science as a process of inquiry

repeatable observations & testable hypothesis

PreAp Biology

Observations include making measurements Scientists use a variety of tools to gather and

analyze data. Field journals are used to record data. Laboratory glassware and hot plates allow

scientists to set up experiments. Microscopes and hand lenses enhance the

senses. Rulers, balances, timing devices, and electronic

probeware are used to gather quantitative data. Computers are used to to calculate, analyze, and

report data.

PreAp Biology

Observations include making measurements

Quantitative data are gathered through measurement, using the modern metric system. Accuracy is a description of how close a

measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

Precision is the exactness of a measurement.

PreAp Biology

Technology contributes to the progress of science.

A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.

stoma

– light microscopes (LM)– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)– transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

stomastoma

PreAp Biology

functional MRI (fMRI)

– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Medical Imaging

– x-ray images

PreAp Biology

Complex systems: Computer Models Used to study systems that

cannot be studied directly. heart attacks effect of medicines on the

human body movement of water molecules

into and out of a cell spread of a disease through a

population

Used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical.

Normal heartbeat

Heart attack

PreAp Biology

The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies.

A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic information.

PreAp Biology

We can study genetics on a molecular level.

– molecular genetics

– genomics

PreAp Biology

Evolution Core theme of biology

Charles Darwin

PreAp Biology

Evolution Natural selection Evolutionary adaptation is a product of

natural selection

PreAp Biology

Energy transfer Life is an open system

organisms continuously interact with the environment

stuff comes instuff goes out

energy is used

Entropy rules!

PreAp Biology

Energy utilization (fill in blanks)

PreAp Biology

Heredity: Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable

information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic

material – carries biological information from 1 generation to the next

PreAp Biology

Form follows function Structure & function are correlated at

all levels of biological organization

PreAp Biology

Regulation Regulatory mechanisms ensure a

dynamic balance through feedback

PreAp Biology

Ecology: Interdependence No organism is

an island standing alone

PreAp Biology

Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within

the framework of society ethics

PreAp Biology

Umbrella concepts

Recurring principles & ideas

PreAp Biology

Diversity & unity Dual aspects of life on Earth With all of the diversity, what unifies all

of life?

PreAp Biology

PreAp Biology

Unity of life

What do organisms have in common?

Why do similarities exist?

PreAp Biology

Evolution explains diversity & unity Unity

pass information to the next generation evolutionary relationships connected through a common ancestory

Diversity natural selection adaptations in

different environments

PreAp Biology

Levels of organization

PreAp Biology

Cell is basic unit of life Cell theory

developed with early microscopes

prokaryotes eukaryotes

PreAp Biology

Diversity of life

What differences are there between organisms?

PreAp Biology

Three Domains of LifeBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

PreAp Biology

Organizing systems Making sense out

of the diversity Hierarchical scheme Eg. Taxonomy and Binomial

Nomenclature

PreAp Biology

Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of

knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to

organize new knowledge themes are fundamental in

understanding the nature of living organisms

PreAp Biology

Which science is growing the fastest in new knowledge?

BIOLOGY!!

Dr. Mary Claire King

Genomics & proteomicsprojects are driving research

PreAp Biology

Any Questions??