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Power for the 21st Century
Innovation Energy Environment
Fuel Cell Technology in Renewable Energy Hybrid Systems for Mobile / Stationary Applications and Green Buildings
Heliocentris Academia GmbH
Dr. Claus Fischer
• HQ in Berlin, Germany
• 300 employees
• 2 Divisions: Renewable Energy Education System / Industrial Applications
• Energy Management Projects in many countries incl. UAE
• Supplied more than 50,000 New Energy training systems to 70 countries
Heliocentris
CEV_FCH_K/2
3
Complete Renewable Energy Laboratories
4
Need for Energy
5
Annual World Energy Consumption In Terrawatts
GROWING DEMAND CAN ONLY BE COVERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGIES
Oil
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TW
`65 `70 `75 `80 `85 `90 `95 `00 `05Year
Problem: CO2 / Global Warming
To date: 25% Electricity from Renewable Energies / Target 80% 2040
Population: 82 Million 25% = 20 Million People supplied with Renewable Energy
450,000 New Jobs created6
Renewable Energy in Germany
» They are available intermittently
» They vary in intensity
» They cannot be used to run vehicles
The Challenge with Renewable Energies
7
Electrical Power from Wind und PV partly > 30% (Daytime)
8
Use of Photovoltaic in Germany:
Quelle:: SMA solar technology
Conversion of Renewable Energies for Storage
The Requirement: To create a fuel
» That can be stored and transported
» That can be converted to useful forms of energy
(electricity, mechanical)
» That does not pollute the environment
There is such a fuel.
It is called: Hydrogen
9
The Solution
Hydrogen allows storage of high amounts of energy at small volume to balance offer and demand during daytime and season
Clean energy carrier: No carbon emissions compared with fossils
Low space requirement compared with batteries
Low noise during energy conversion
Flexible use: Fuelling cars from home-made hydrogen possible
Why Hydrogen?
Hydrogen plays a significant role on the roadmap to a fully energy autonomous and sustainable building-concept
10
Sustainable Fuel Generation
Water energy
Oxygen
Oxygen
Water
Fuel CellElectrolyzer
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydrogen Storage
11
Stationary
Mobile
Sour
ce: H
onda
Quelle: obs/TOTAL Deutschland GmbH
Reality at New Berlin International Airport (opens 2017)
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What Is A Fuel Cell?
_
+
BATTERYFuel Cell
13
Water
Heat
Fuel Cell - A Device That Converts Hydrogen Into Electricity
Hydrogen
DC electricity
_
+
BATTERYOxygen
14
Fuel Cell
A Simple Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
The PEM fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen in a chemical reaction, producing water and releasing energy.
15
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Fuel Cell Animation
Advantage of Fuel Cell Power Generation
Fuel Electricity
Fuel Heat Movement Electricity
OH
H
Efficiency: 25%
I. Cold combustion (Fuel cell)» Controlled reaction (no flame)
» Direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy
II. Warm combustion (heat engine /motor/ via turbine)» Uncontrolled reaction
» Released energy is transferred to a working medium (water, water vapor)
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Efficiency: 50%
18
Fuel Cells: Advantages Over Batteries
Batteries Fuel Cells
Battery Battery
Battery
Battery
Battery
Battery
Doubling capacity leads to doubling volume and weight
Fuel
FuelCell
Fuel
FuelCell
Fuel
FuelCell
Doubling capacity does not lead to doubling volume and weight
Battery
19
Fuel Cells: Advantages Over Batteries
Volume comparison to generate 1 kWh of energy
0
5
10
15
20
Volu
me
(litr
es)
Compressed H2 at 200 bar
Lithium ion battery
Lead-acid battery
Weight comparison to generate 1 kWh of energy
0
5
10
20
15
25
Compressed H2
Lithium ion battery
Lead-acid battery
Wei
ght
(kilo
gram
s)
» Smaller size
» Lighter weight
» Longer supply of power
» No self-discharge over time
» Easy to replace fuel cartriges
Honda FCX» Propulsion: Motor 60 kW; 272 Nm» Fuel Cell: 78 kW» Fuel storage: Compressed H2, 350 bar» Range: 355 km» Top speed: 150 km/h» Commercial launch in 2009
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Fuel Cells: Commercialization Has Already Begun
Daimler Chrysler Citaro Bus» Propulsion: Ballard PEM-Stack 250 kW» Fuel storage: Compressed H2, 350 bar» Range: 200 km» Top speed: 80 km/h» Commercial launch in 2008
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles do not pollute!
21
Off-Grid And Backup Power Supply
Telecom Transmitter
5 kW Fuel Cell Backup
22
Source: IdaTech
Sour
ce: G
EOS
250 W – 1,2 kW
Portable PEM Fuel Cell System
1,2 kW Fuel Cell Backup
» Those who need 100 % energy security:
Reliable UPS Sytems
Hospitals Telecom Repeater Stations
Illus
trati
on b
y Be
dfor
dHos
pita
ls
23
Server Stations
Euro
pean
Fue
l Cel
ls
Illustration by Vaillant
CEV_FCH_K/24
House Applications:
Fuel Cell based Co-Generation Systems Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
New Energy Power Supply, 5 kW at Dar Nakheel, Awali
25
» Customer: Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO)
» Installation Ground mounted
» Location: Awali, Bahrain
Power electronicsFuel cell module andHydrogen generators PV array and Wind turbine Visitor Center
Electrolyzer Hydrogen storage
Customer load
Fuel cell power module
DC/AC DC/AC DC/AC
PhotovoltaicsWind turbineComputer
with indoor display
Battery bank
Public grid
Overall system control
DC/AC-island inverter
Web
www Internet connection
Public outdoor display
System Overview
» Combining all relevant new energy
technologies with conventional
energy sources
» Operates a technical application
fully autonomously with renewable
energies
» Worldwide accessibility through
web interface
» The ideal for apllied research and
for prototyping
Interior of New Energy Power Supply
27
Interaction of System Components
Battery short term storage
Hydrogen/Fuel Cell for long term storage (days / weeks)
Supply Load 29
Load Request
PV, Wind > Request?
PV, Wind < Request +
Battery SOC OK?
Hydrogentank OK?
Grid Backup
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
Supply LoadCharge battery
Produce Hydrogen
Supply Load
FC on Supply Load
Off Grid
Grid connected
Function
30
Photovoltaic Modules / Wind turbine
PV Solar power (STC) 4 kW (20 x 200Wp)
Open circuit voltage 33,2V
Short circuit current 8,7A
Voltage / Current at MPP 25Vdc / 7.9 A
Rated wind power/ voltage 1700W / 0…600V
Rated wind speed 12m/sec
Cut in wind speed 3m/sec
Output voltage 25Vdc
Rotor diameter / Mast 3m / 8m
31
Hydrogen Generator
H2 flow rate 120 Nl/h
Capacity 3,000 NL @10bar
Max. refilling pressure 10…17bar
Fuel Cell, Hydrogen Generator & Storage
Rated power 1200W
DC voltage range 22…50V
Rated current 46A
Emission water 870ml/h @ rated power
Fuel Cell
32
Monitoring Devices
» Key Features:
Custom large format display Outdoor
Up to 4 linesTime, Date, Personal Text, Personal Web Text, Current performance, daily yield, total yield, CO2 saving, ambient temperature, module temperature, internal irradiation, wind speed, battery State of Charge
Internet interface Promote your data online
Customized desktop on your computers
Customer interfaceManually ON/OFFMonitors measuring dataStart/Stop data capturingShows device status
Web-based User Interface & Visualization Software
33
» System overview
» Data monitoring
» Data logging & export» Special mode for starting/ stopping hydrogen
generator and fuel cell manually
Example: Data capturing (taken during commissioning)
34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
8.2.10 12:00 AM 8.2.10 12:00 PM 9.2.10 12:00 AM 9.2.10 12:00 PM
Batt
ery
Stat
e of
Cha
rge
[%]
Pow
er [W
]
Commisioning Diagramm
SUN_Power WIND_Power LOAD_POWER SOC_Battery
Controlled decreasing by Island grid cused by SOC and due to small costumer load
Test air conditioning with maximum heating and cooling
Visit us at the stand of MUSTAFA SULTAN LLC
36
Movie New Energy PowerSupply in Bahrain explained by BAPCO
Thank you for your attention
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 38
Real safety issue or perception?
Hindenburg accident (1937)Is an example of how safe hydrogen is, not how dangerous!
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 39
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 40
Photo 1 - Time: 0 min, 0 sec
Vehicle with hydrogentank
Vehicle with gasolinetank
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 41
Photo 2 - Time 0 min, 3 seconds - Ignition of both fuels occur.Hydrogen flow rate 2100 SCFM. Gasoline flow rate 680 cc/min.
Vehicle with hydrogentank
Vehicle with gasolinetank
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 42
Photo 3 - Time: 1 min, 0 sec - Hydrogen flow is subsiding, view of gasoline vehicle begins to enlarge
Vehicle with hydrogentank
Vehicle with gasolinetank
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 43
Photo 4 - Time: 1 min, 30 sec - Hydrogen flow almost finished.View of gasoline powered vehicle has been expanded to nearly full screen
Vehicle with hydrogentank
Vehicle with gasolinetank
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 44
Hydrogen Safety
HY / 45
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