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Plasma Technology. Opportunities for a Sustainable Future. Objective. Present an initiative to produce sustainable energy from waste materials. Methodology. Use plasma arc technologies to destroy wastes (biomass, solid waste, hazardous materials) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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GTRI.ppt-1
Plasma Technology
Opportunities for a Sustainable Future
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Objective
Present an initiative to produce sustainable energy from waste materials
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Methodology
• Use plasma arc technologies to destroy wastes (biomass, solid waste, hazardous materials)
• Generate fuel gases including hydrogen and carbon monoxide
• Use fuel cells to produce energy in the form of heat and electricity
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What is PLASMA?
• “Fourth State” of matter
• Ionized gas at high temperature capable of conducting electrical current
• Lightning is an example
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Characteristics of Plasma Arc Technology
• Plasma acts as a resistive heating element which cannot melt and fail
• Temperatures 4,000°C to over 7,000°C• Torch power levels from 100kW to 200 MW produce
high energy densities (up to 100 MW/m3)• Torch operates with most gases-not a combustion
process• Elimination of requirement for combustion air
– Reduces gas volume requiring treatment
– Reduces potential for formation of complex organics (I.e., dioxins and furans)
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Ideally suited for waste treatment
• Hazardous & toxic compounds broken down to elemental constituents by high temperatures
• Organic materialsPyrolyzed or volatilized
May be converted to fuel gases
Amenable to conventional off-gas treatment
• Residual materials (radionuclides, heavy metals, etc.) immobilized in a rock-like vitrified mass which is highly resistant to leaching
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Plasma torch in operation
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Plasma Gasification of MSW
SteamNegligible
Gas Heating Value OutputElectricity Input = 4.30
PLASMA
GASIFIERMSW
1 Ton – 9.39 Mbtu33% Moisture
Electricity0.56 MWHr – 1.90 MBtu
Losses1.77 MBtu
Based on data from Resorption Canada, Ltd. 1995(Summarized and converted to English units)
Product Gas
Heating Value = 8.16 MBTU
Gas Heat Energy1.05 MBtu
30,300 SCF
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Solid Residue: 50 tons/day Sell: Aggregate
MetalsBricksOther
Fuel Gases: 3x107 Btu = 10.6 MW
Net 6.5 MW
376 tons/day MSW)
Plasma ArcTorch 4.1 MW
An Ultimate Solution to MSW?
Coke/Limestone
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Experimental Results
The gases measured were H2, O2, N2, CH4, and CO.
Compounds Test 1( with no moisture)
Test 2( with moisture)
Sample2
(30 min)
Sample3(50 min)
Sample6
(110 min)
Sample3
(30 min)
Sample4
(50 min)
CO 16.95% 18.56% 21.65% 17.42% 21.39%
CO2 0.22% 0.24% 0.28% 0.44% 0.53%
CH4 1.72% 2.94% 3.91% 2.06% 1.86%
H2 8.36% 12.10% 18.31% 10.10% 16.31%
H2O 0.16% 0.23% 0.35% 0.37% 0.60%
N2 60.84% 54.74% 49.80% 47.59% 50.52%
O2 7.17% 7.37% 5.42% 8.57% 8.64%
C6H6 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.13% 0.13%
unidentified 4.33% 3.56% 0.03% 13.33% 0.02%
total 95.67% 96.44% 99.97% 86.67% 99.98%
•In addition to benzene, small amounts of methane and benzene and trace amounts of toluene, styrene, ethyl benzene, methyl-ethyl benzene, and benzonitrile were found in the DCM samples.
•The high concentrations of O2 and N2 are due to air leaking into the system prior to the sample point.
PRODUCT GAS DISTRIBUTION
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Cobb County Plasma Arc Waste Processing System
System Components
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Next Steps
• Assembly of the Cobb County Plasma Arc Waste Processing System
• Optimization testing for integration with fuel cells
• Testing of biomass, MSW and other feedstock
• Hydrogen capture and optimization
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