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Photocredit:RusselA.White 1
CarbonFarmPlanning(CFP)isawholefarmapproachtooptimizingcarboncaptureonworkinglandscapes.
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BecauseCARBON canbebeneficiallystoredlong-term(decadestocenturiesormore)insoilsandvegetationthroughbiological carbonsequestration tomitigateclimatechangeandincreaseagriculturalsustainability.
CONSERVATIONPLANNING
terrestrialcarbon
(Understanding the Problems &Opportunities)
Step 1 - Identify Problems & Opportunities
Step 2 - Determine Objectives
Step 3 - Inventory Resources
Step 4 - Analyze Resource Data
(Understanding the Solutions)
Step 5 - Formulate Alternatives
Step 6 - Evaluate Alternatives
Step 7 - Make Decisions
(Understanding the Results)
Step 8 - Implement the planStep 9 - Evaluate the Plan
CARBONFARM
PLANNING
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CREATINGACARBONFARMPLAN
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objectivesoperationsinterest
landscape
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Seq- CSoil?Seq- CVegetation?
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CREATINGACARBONFARMPLAN
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ACarbonFarmPlanshouldevaluateboth,but:
FocusonTerrestrialCarbonSequestration:
Soils
&
VegetationOtheropportunitiestoevaluate:Watersystemimprovements,renewableenergy,biodigesters,etc
ManyFarms/Rancheshavealreadystartedreducingtheircarbonfootprintandincreasingcarbonsequestration
CREATINGACARBONFARMPLANFarms/RancheshaveBothUniqueGHGEmissions
andSequestrationOpportunities
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§ AnaerobicDigester§ Silvopasture Establishment§ ForageandBiomassPlanting§ NutrientManagement§ Tree/ShrubEstablishment§ ForestStandImprovement§ ContourBufferStrips§ RiparianRestoration§ RiparianForestBuffer§ RiparianHerbaceousCover§ VegetativeBarrier§ Hedgerow/Windbreak/ShelterbeltEstablishment§ Hedgerow/Windbreak/ShelterbeltRenovation§ ResidueandTillageManagement,NoTill/Strip
Till/DirectSeed§ Multi-StoryCropping§ AlleyCropping§ RangePlanting§ HerbaceousWindBarriers§ CriticalAreaPlanting§ ResidueandTillageManagement§ ForestSlashTreatment§ FilterStrip§ GrassedWaterway§ CrossWindTrapStripsConservationCover§ WetlandRestoration
CARBONFARMPRACTICE
LIST
Belowisalistofalreadyapprovedsoilcarbonbuildingpractices.ThemajorityofthesepracticeswereselectedfromtheUSDA-NRCSGHG
RankingTool.
WAITDON’TSTOPTHERE!
Ø RangelandCompost:PracticeStandardinProgress
Ø PastureCropping:sowingcropsintoliving,perennial(usuallynative)pasturesandhavingthesecropsgrowsymbioticallywithexistingpastures
Ø Paludiculture :sustainablemanagementofpeatlandsthroughwetagriculture
Ø Biochar:charcoalusedasasoilamendment
Ø ProposeYourOwnPractices
ARETHEREOTHERPRACTICES?YES!
CARBONFARM
PRACTICES
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§ CompostApplication§ Rangeland/Grazing
Management§ ForageBiomass
Planting§ Silvopasture§ Windbreaks/
Hedgerows§ RiparianRestoration§ RiparianForestBuffer§ CriticalAreaPlanting
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1. Ecological Sites
2. Management Limitations
SITEVISITS:LimitsandOpportunities
Howdoweknowwherecarbonpracticescanandcannotbeapplied?
ECOLOGICALSITES
13http://jornada.nmsu.edu/files/InteragencyEcolSiteHandbook.pdf
EcologicalSite
LandUse
Producer’sPerception
SOILS
NRCS Web Soil Survey
Should we be sampling our soils?
Evaluating Soils: Soil Organic Matter
1.CreateAreaofInterest(AOI)Ø ImportShapefile(.shp,.shx and.prj)Ø NavigateandOutlineØ EnterAddressorLat/Longlocation
2.EvaluateSoils:Ø SuitabilityandLimitationsforUseØ SoilPropertiesandQualitiesØ EcologicalSiteAssessmentØ SoilsReports
3.CreateMaps,DownloadReportsandSoilsData16https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/
Yes,ifyouwantto:
Ø TrackchangeovertimeØ VerifyorinformamodelØ EstablishabaselineØ NutrientManagement
Whatdoyoutestfor?
Ø BulkDensityØ SoilOrganicMatter/TOC/OCØ NutrientsØ InfiltrationØ Moisture
17PhotoCredit:LynetteKNiebrugge,MarinRCD
18
UPPERFIELD
https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/
SoilOrganicMatter(som/2=soc*3.67=CO2e)
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1. HighSOC§ Historicallyplowedsoillayer,0-6inches
2.0-6&6- 12inches:GranularStructure§ ManytoFew:veryfinetofinesizeroots.
3.12- 40inches:Prismatic/ColumnarStructure§ fewfinetoveryfineroots
4.40+inches:MassiveStructure§ noroots
WHATSTORYDOESTHISSOILPROFILETELLUS? 0-6 in
6-12 in
12- 40 in
40 + in
Olompali loamUPPER FIELD: Silage field
Prismatic Structure
PhotoCredit:LynetteKNiebrugge,MarinRCD
ProducerKnowledge
WebSoilSurvey
LocalInformation
UCCooperativeExtension
Sampling
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ABOVEGROUNDBIOMASS
EstimatingRangeProduction
https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/
FORAGE EstimatedTotalvsAvailableForage&LivestockCarryingCapacity
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1AUM(animalunitmonth)istheamountofforageneededtosupporta1,000lb cowandhercalfforonemonth;hereitisassumedtobe900lbs ofdryforage.
1AUY(animalunityear)istheamountofforageneededtosupportoneanimalunit(cowwithcalf,orequivalent)foroneyear.
*DataderivedfromRangeSiteproductionvalues,SantaBarbaraCountysoilsurvey,USDA**AverageRDMisbasedonBartolomeetal2006,minimumRDMforannualgrassland/hardwoodrangeland,0-10%slopesand25-50%treecover.HigherRDMisrecommendedforsteeperslopesandlesstreecover.***MinimumpercentoftotalproductionrecommendedforallocationtoRDM
CALCULATINGCARBONPOTENTIAL
COMET- PlannerCOMET- Farm
COMPOST- PlannerUS Forest Service ModelsCalifornia Oak Foundation
Others
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Ø COMET-PLANNERNEWCOMET-Plannerv2http://www.comet-planner.com/NEWCOMPOST-Plannerhttp://www.compost-planner.com/COMET-Farm
Ø LOCALDATA;othersources1.COMPOSTDATA:R.Ryals etal2013;M.DeLonge etal20132.CREEKCARBONDATA:D.Lewis etal20153.OakWoodland,Gaman20084.USEPA2011.MarketOpportunitiesforBiogasRecoverySystemsatU.S.LivestockFacilities.5.USDA2014.QuantifyingGreenhouseGasFluxesinAgricultureandForestry:MethodsforEntity-ScaleInventory.
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USDAForestService/NaturalResourcesConservationServiceNationalAgroforestryCenter,https://nac.unl.edu/multimedia/photos.htm
AgroforestrySystemsCalculatingCarbonPotential:OakWoodlands
26SierraForestryLegacy,https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_FireForestEcology/TH_OakWoodlands.php
MetricTons(Mg)CO2eSequesteredinMixedOakWoodlandsandForestsCurrentConditions(AdaptedfromGaman 2008)
GAMAN MODEL MixedOakWoodland/Savannas589Acres
MixedOakForest1,098Acres
TREEC(Mg/Acre)
28.75 100.85
Non –TreeC(Mg/Acre)
29.56 29.56
Total TreeC(Mg/Acre)
58.32 130.41
TotalCO2e(Mg/Acre)
214.00 478.00
TOTALMg CO2e 126,066 525,508
Agroforestry SystemsCalculating Carbon Potential:
Silvopastures (CPS 381) OR Tree and Shrub Establishment (CPS 612)
27https://www.progressiveforage.com/forage-types/grasses-and-grazing/trees-in-silvopasture-are-not-created-equal
PotentialMetricTons(Mg)CO2eSequesteredinNEWMixedOakSilvopasture
1,000acres,atmaturity(80years)
FutureConditions(AdaptedFromGaman 2008)
GAMANMODEL
MixedOakSilvopasture1000Acres(Gaman 2008)
COMET-Planner
TREEC(Mg/Acre)
28.75
Non –TreeC(Mg/Acre)
29.56
Total TreeC(Mg/Acre)
58.32
TotalCO2e(Mg/Acre)
214.00 0.66
TOTALMgCO2e
214,00 52,800
Gaman, T. 2008. An inventory of carbon and California oaks. California Oak Foundation Addendum to Oaks 2040. http://www.californiaoaks.org/ExtAssets/CarbonResourcesFinal.pdf
AgroforestrySystems
CalculatingCarbonPotential:RiparianSystems
28
LocalData(Lewisetal,UCCE2015)
COMET- Planner
RiparianRestoration
18.36TonnesCO2e/acre/year(Lewisetal2015)
PhotoCredit:UniversityofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension,http://cemarin.ucdavis.edu/
CalculatingCarbonPotential:RiparianSystems3WaystoObtainRiparianData
RiparianSystem
Streamlength Acres
MgCO2e/COMET- PlannerRiparianRestorationonly(1Mg/acre/yr)
MgCO2e/COMET-PlannerCombinedRiparianForest,Herbaceous,CriticalAreaPlantingandRiparianRestoration(4.36Mg/acre/yr)
RiparianRestoration,MgCO2e(18.36Mg/acre/yr,Lewisetal2015)
annual 15years
45years annual 15years 45years annual 15
years 45years
Sycamore 1mile 12 12 180 540 53 793 2378 223 3338 10015
Zaca 1.5mile 18 18 270 810 79 1189 3567 334 5006 15022
AlamoPintado 3.5miles 42 42 630 1890 185 2775 8324 779 11682 35051
SanAntonio 1.75miles 21 21 315 945 92 1387 4162 389 5841 17525
TOTAL 7.75 94 93 1,395 4,185 410 6,144 18,431 1,725 25,867 77,613
Riparian Carbon Capture Potential - Metric Tons CO2e per Year
CalculatingCarbonPotential:Compost Appl icat ion
Rangeland:1.49MTCO2e/acre/year• R.Ryals etal2013
Cropland/Pastures:0.18MTCO2e/acre/year• COMET-Planner(590)
COMPOST-Planner(CDFA2017)
P red i c ted Cumu l a t i ve CO2e S eque s t ra t i on Re su l t i n g F rom Compos t App l i ca t i on on 4 , 300 a c re s o f G ra zed G ra s s l and
CalculatingCarbonPotential:RangelandCompost
* 10, 20 and 30 year totals are cumulative for that period; yearly values represent amount of CO2 sequestered in that year only for all treated acres. Ryals and Silver 2013
APPLYAGAIN
CalculatingCarbonPotential:CroplandCompost
33SierraForestryLegacy,https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_FireForestEcology/TH_OakWoodlands.php
Assumptions: 1% SOM = 0.5% SOC = 5 tons C/acre = 18.35 Mg CO2e/acreCompost = 33% OM, or 16.5% C;
1” compost = 70 short tons/acre x 0.165 = 11.55 x 3.67/1.1 = 38.5 Mg CO2/acre.Approximately one half of compost C is assumed lost annually under tillage.
CO2e reduction at Maturity = 708,270 Metric Tons = 149,109 Passenger vehicles
driven for one year!
SUMMARY
Potentialterrestrialcarbonsequestrationonan8,000acreSantaBarbaraRanchthroughimplementationofconservationpracticesidentifiedthroughtheCarbonFarmPlanningProcess
Charts
Soil,WaterandCarbonPRACTICE DESCRIPTION
20YEARSOMINCREASE
(Mg)
ANNUALWHCINCREASEBYYEAR20(AF)
CompostapplicationonRangeland(NRCSpracticestandardindevelopment)
Applicationof1/4”ofcompostto4300acresofpermanentpasture.
53867Mg 493.78
CompostapplicationonCropland(590)
Applicationof1”ofcompostto617acresofcropland.
23637.05Mg
216.67
Shelterbelt(380) 13.6miles(90acres)of50’wideshelterbelts
1068.12Mg 9.79
PrescribedGrazing(528)Grazingmanagementtofavorperennialsandimproveproductionon7300acres.
15912.80Mg 145.86
RiparianRestoration
Restorationof94acresofripariansystemalong7.75milesofstreamcorridorPlantingofnativetreesandshrubs.
3043.23Mg(derivedfromLewisetal2015) 27.89
Minimum-Tillage(345) Conversionoftilledcropfieldstominimumtillageoncroplands
1089.91Mg 9.99
Silvopasture(381)Establishtreesonapproximately1,000acres)oftreelesspasture.
4027.24Mg(derivedfromGaman2008) 36.91
TOTAL 103,070.36 917.52[1] Lewisetal2015modelcoefficientsindicateannualincreasesofsoilcarbon=0.2kg/m2.1acre=4046.85642m2.
EstimatedAdditionalSoilWaterHoldingCapacityWithCarbonFarmPlan
Implementation,8,000acreRanch,SantaBarbaraCounty,CASanta Barbara County, CA
Assumption:1%SOM≈1acreinch WHC
Co-BenefitsCo-BenefitsallowyoutooutlinebenefitsofyourpracticesaboveandbeyondGHGs!
WhatbenefitscanCarbonFarmingprovide?OnFarmandGlobally
▪ AnnualAvoidedEmissionsfromMethaneandFossilEnergyConsumption
▪ HabitatStructuralandSpeciesDiversity▪ ImprovedWaterHoldingCapacity▪ ImprovedSoilQualityandFertility/“Health”▪ ImprovedWaterQuality▪ NetPrimaryProductivity▪ StabilizeSoils▪ Increasesoildepth▪ SequesterCarbon
PhotoCredit:Unknown
HowdowedescribeCo-Benefits?
PotentialCarbonBeneficialPracticesandEstimatedEffects
Co-BenefitsCARBONFARMPLANNING
Monitoring Soil Carbon
SamplingSoilsforOrganicCarbon
ProtocolByKenOster,USDA- NaturalResourcesConservationService–6/3/2016
(10) Grid with 10 randomly selected intersection points.https://www.random.org/integers/
MeasurementMethodologies: P roces s fo r Dec i s i on Mak ing
MonitoringandRecordKeepingImplementat ionT imel ine
CONSERVATIONPRACTICE
LOCATION& EXTENT
CO2e BENEFIT ASSOCIATED BENEFITS NOTES DATE
NRCS Practice (s)&Associated Number
Identify Location(See CFP Map) & Monitoring Photo Points
Calculated Using:COMET-Farm, COMET-Planner, or Local Data
Soil
Hea
lth
Wat
er Q
ualit
y
Wat
er Q
uant
ity
Wild
life
Enha
ncem
ent
Plan
t Com
mun
ity
Air
Qua
lity
Prod
ucer
-Ec
onom
ic
Funding Source Implemented &/or Maintained
Riparian Forest Buffer/ Riparian Restoration (391)
Unnamed tributary, lower reach on pasture three§ 2 of 6 miles
Local Data: Lewis et al. X X X X X X Marin RCD Fall, 2017
Compost Facility (317) South Chicken Yard N/A X X Fall, 2017
Windbreak/Shelterbelt/Hedgerow(422/380/620)
West Pasture 4, along fence line (south - north)§ 550 linear feet
COMET- Planner X X X X X X Fall, 2018
Compost Application; pasture &crop land (484/590)
Apply ¼” of compost to 115 acres of 350 acres of prescribed pastureland & 1” of compost to 10 of 10 acres of cropland
Local Data:Ryals and Silver 2013 X X X X X Fall, 2018
A SUCCESSFUL CARBON FARM PLAN CULTIVATES CARBON FARMERS!
PhotoCredit:MarinAgricultureLandTrust
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42
LynetteNiebruggelynette@marinrcd.org
JeffCrequejcreque@carboncycle.org
Aplanisalivingdocument.Aplanshouldevolveasnewinformationandnewtools
becomeavailable.
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