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PerspectivesKatrine Miller
PerspectivesPost Positivist PerspectivesInterpretive PerspectivesCritical Perspectives
Post Positivist PerspectivesUse of the scientific method: develop theory
and accumulate knowledge about the world through the process of empirically testing theories
The evolution or Revolution of Research Programs
Barbara Wilson (1994)I believe that children‘s interpretations and
responses are as richly individualistic However, I also believe that there are
common patterns that characterize a majority of young viewers and that those patterns are as predictable and explainable as the basic process by which all those unique snowflakes are formed from water
Ontology position:Emphasized both the patterned nature of the social construction process and the regular and predictable effects that reified social constructions have on social actors
Epistemology position: knowledge can best be gained through a
search for regularities and causal relationships among components of the social world
Regularities and causal relationship can best be discovered if there is a complete separation between the investigator and the subject of the investigation
This separation can be guaranteed through the use of the scientific method
Axiology Position: Though no claims to absolute thruth and
value free inquiry are made, the belief exist that progress can be made if researchers exercise care in their theorizing and research and are critical of theoretical assertions and empirical justifications
Interpretives TheoriesReflect the complexity of both the social
world and the social construction processFoundational Theoretical Positions:Hermeneutics: Does not blindly interpret the
text which he or she presented, rather involves a process of tacking, going back and forth between theory, tacit knowledge the researcher takes into the project, and the textual data
Phenomenology: Knowledge is not found in external experience but in individual consciousness
Symbolic Interactionism
Ontological Issue: Realities exist in the form of multiple mental
constructions, socially and experientially based, local and specific, dependent for their form and content on the persons who hold them
Epistemology Issue - interpretive theorists advocate a
subjective epistemology - there are no universal laws or causal
relationship to be deduced about the social world
- Reality is socially constructed, interpretivist believe that this understanding can be reached only from the actor‘s point of view
Axiological Issue should try to minimize the influence of values
on the research process
Critical PerspectivesOntologi:Emphasizes the complex and dialectical
relationship between structure and action
Structuration Theory: Anthony Giddens “ structure… is not to be conceptualized as a
barrier to action, but as essentially involved in its production”
Ontological privileged: Agent over structure
Epistemological Theory: nature of knowledge and how knowledge is to be gathered and use in the social world
Jurgen Habermas:- Empirical – analitical cognitive
interest Knowledge should consist of
deterministic and general laws of nature - Hermeneutic- historical cognitive
interest: the uniqueness of human activities
Positivist approach as reductionist and believes that knowledge should be based on emergent on local text that are historically situated
- Critical- emancipatory cognitive interest : knowledge as a process of self reflection through which historical constraints
Axiological Commitments: Values should guide scholarship, and theorist
should work as change agents in supporting those valued
Cultural StudiesFeminist Studies
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