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Perspectives of Personality
psychology
PsychoanalyticFreud• Focused on:
- Unconscious– Childhood experiences– Internal forces (id, ego, superego)
• Psychosexual stages (OAPLG)– Oedipus & Electra complex
• Dreams are royal road to unconscious• Defense mechanisms to deal w/ anxiety• Tools: Free association, projective tests TAT &
Rorchach, dream analysis
Psychoanalytic
• Tools: Free association, projective tests TAT & Rorchach, dream analysis
Neo- Freudian1. Alfred Adler ( need to conquer feelings of inferiority
- inferiority complex)2. Karen Horney (believed Freud’s theory was sexist)3. Carl Jung (collective unconscious)• All believed in Freud’s basic ideas,• BUT emphasized more of our conscious
experiences and environment• Doubted sex & aggression consumed our
motivation
HumanisticEmphasis on human potential, positive view of humans
• Abraham Maslow (self-actualization)
• Carl Rogers (focused on growth and fulfillment of individuals)
• Genuine, Acceptance, Empathy
• Person/client centered
• Unconditional Positive Regard
• Self-Concept• our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in an
answer to the question, “Who am I?”
Social - cognitive/learningviews behavior as influenced by the interaction
between personality and their environment• Albert Bandura• Reciprocal Determinism - the interacting influences
between personality and environmental factors• Personal Control - sense of control over environment
– External vs. Internal Locus of Control – Learned Helplessness
• Positive Psychology - M. Seligman scientific study of optimal human functioning
Traita characteristic pattern of behavior• assessed by self-report inventories and peer
reports• Factor analysis ( identify dimensions of
personality)• Gordon Allport (traits)• William Sheldon (body shape)• Hans and Sybil Eysenck (axes of characteristics)• The “Big Five” Personality FactorsTools:
MMPI (most widely used personality test) & Myers- Briggs - personality test
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