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Personality Psychology
“Systems Net Theory”
Josep M. Lluís-Font
Recent publications:
Lluís-Font, J.M. (2002), Personalidad: Esbozo de una teoría integradora. Psicothema, 4 (14), págs 693-701Lluís-Font, J.M. (2003), Teoría de la Red de Sistemas. Barcelona, Actas del II Congreso Nacional de la SEIDILluís-Font, J.M. (2004), Mente y Personalidad: Un nuevo modelo integrador. Madrid: Biblioteca NuevaLluís-Font, J.M. (2005), Personality: Systems Net Theory. Individual Differences Research, 3,(4), 213-238Lluís-Font, J.M. (2006), Mind and Personality: Systems Net Theory (submitting)
Systems Net Theory (SNT)
• Teoría de la Personalidad y de las Inteligencias Múltiples
• Teoría biológica
• Teoría evolucionista
• Teoría integradora de teorías y paradigmas
• Teoría formulada en 25 enunciados
. Theory of Personality and Multiple Intelligences
. Biological theory
. Evolutionary theory
. Integrative theory
. Theory formulated in 25 statements (Lluís-Font, 2004)
EXTRAVERSION
Sociability
High self-esteem
Surgency Activity
Reward sensitivity
Positive emotions
Hierarchic trait structure in classical models Psychological nomenclature
Hierarchic trait structure in classical models Psychological and biological nomenclature
EXTRAVERSION(Approach system)
Sociability (Social system)
High self-esteem
(Self-concept system)
Surgency (Behavioral system)
Activity (Energetic system)
Reward sensitivity
(Instinctive system)
Positive emotions
(Emotional system)
Non-hierarchic trait structure in Systems Net TheoryTypes of traits: General dimensions, specific dimensions and primary traits
x Specific systems
y and dimensions
(vertical)
General andfunctional systemsand dimensions(horizontal)
1 2 3 4
Emotional system
Emotionality
6 8 9 10 11 12 13
Inhibition system AAnxiety
Nature
Rapid action system HHostility
Approach system EExtraversion
Function Positive emotionsE6 (primary trait)
Self-regulation system CSelf-control
Cognitive integration I system Intellect
Personality structure in Systems Net Theory: Organizing axes x Specific systems y and dimensions
(vertical)
General andfunctional systemsand dimensions(horizontal)
Neurophy siological
systemSomatic systems Affective systems Conative systems Specific cognitive systems
Neurophy siological
1
Morpho logical
2
Physio logical
3
Pychomotor
4
Instinc tive
5
Emotional
6
Social
7
Volitive
8
Beha vioral
9
Ethical
10
Self-percep
tive
11
Strate gic
12
Specia lized
cognitive
13
TEMPER
AM
ENT
Inhibitionsystem Anxiety
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13
Rapid action systemHostility H
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13
Approach system Extraversion
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13
CH
AR
AC
TER
Self-regulation and execution system Self-control C
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13
INTELLEC
T
Cognitive integration system Intellect I
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12 I13
Structural matrix of systems and traits in Systems Net Theory
x Specific systems y and dimensions
(vertical)
General andfunctional systemsand dimensions(horizontal)
Neurophy siological
systemSomatic systems Affective systems Conative systems Specific cognitive systems
Neurophy siological
1
Morpho logical
2
Physio logical
3
Pychomotor
4
Instinc tive
5
Emotional
6
Social
7
Volitive
8
Beha vioral
9
Ethical
10
Self-percep
tive
11
Strate gic
12
Specia lized
cognitive
13
TEMPER
AM
ENT
Inhibitionsystem Anxiety
A
AmygdalaCortisol
A1
Ecto morphy
A2
Rapid metabo
lism
A3
Psychomotor inhibi tion
A4
Avoidance
Fligth
A5
Negati ve emo tions
A6
Shy ness
A7
Abulia
A8
Over-control
ledBIS
A9
Super ego
Obsessive
A10
Low self-
esteem
A11
Analyti cal style
A12
Fluid intelli gence
Gf
A13
Rapid action systemHostility H
Amygdala Testosterone MAO
(-)
H1
Meso morphy
H2
Frigth
H3
Hyper kinesis
H4
Aggressiveness
H5
Emotio nal
though ness
H6
Autho ritaria nism
H7
Hiper activity
H8
Impulsi veness
H9
EgoAnti- social
H10
Narci sism
H11
Intuition
H12
Spatial intelli gence
Gv
H13
Approach system Extraversion
E
AmygdalaDopamine
E1
Endo morphy
E2
Slow metabo
lism
E3
Expan- sive
mobility
E4
NutritionSex
E5
Positive emo tions
E6
Sociability
E7
Activity
E8
Surgency
E9
IdBohe mian
E10
High self-
esteem
E11
Holistic style
E12
Crystal-lized intel.Gc
E13
CH
AR
AC
TER
Self-regulation and execution system Self-control C
Neurophy siological
control
C1
Morphological control
C2
Physiological control
C3
Psycho-motor control
C4
Control of
impulses
C5
Emotio nal
control
C6
Social control
C7
Volitive controlLocus...
C8
Beha vioral
control
C9
Moral control
C10
Control of self-image
C11
Cognitive strate gies
control
C12
Cognitive control
C13
INTELLEC
T
Cognitive integration system Intellect I
Neurophy siological
intelligence
I1
Perceptive corporal intelli
gence
I2
Functional corporal intelli gence
I3
Kines thetic intelli
gence
I4
Instinctive
intelli gence
I5
Emotio nal
intelli gence
I6
Social intelli gence
I7
Executive
intelligence
I8
Adaptive intelli gence
I9
Moral intelli gence
I10
Self-perceptive
intelli gence
I11
Strategic intelli gence
I12
Generalintelli
gence“g”
I13
Personality components in Systems Net Theory
• Cinco sistemas generales, funcionales, horizontales
• Cinco dimensiones generales originadas por la reactividad de esos sistemas
• Trece sistemas específicos, estructurales, pentafactoriales
• Trece dimensiones específicas originadas por la reactividad de esos sistemas
• Sesenta y cinco rasgos primarios originados por la activación simultánea de un sistema general y otro específico
. Five general, functional, horizontal systems
. Five general dimensions originated by the reactivity of these systems
. Thirteen specific, structural, pentafactorial systems
. Thirteen specific dimensions originated by the reactivity of these systems
. Sixty five primary traits originated by the interaction of a general system and an specific one
Illustration of an horizontal and a vertical system
x Specific systems y and dimensions
(vertical)
General andfunctional systemsand dimensions(horizontal)
Neurophy siological
systemSomatic systems Affective systems Conative systems Specific cognitive systems
Neurophy siological
1
Morpho logical
2
Physio logical
3
Pychomotor
4
Instinc tive
5
Emotional
6
Social
7
Volitive
8
Beha vioral
9
Ethical
10
Self-percep
tive
11
Strate gic
12
Specia lized
cognitive
13
TEMPER
AM
ENT
Inhibitionsystem Anxiety
A
Negati ve emo tions
A6
Rapid action systemHostility H
Amygdala Testosterone MAO
(-)
H1
Meso morphy
H2
Frigth
H3
Hyper kinesis
H4
Aggressiveness
H5
Emotio nal
though ness
H6
Autho ritaria nism
H7
Hiper activity
H8
Impulsi veness
H9
EgoAnti- social
H10
Narci sism
H11
Intuition
H12
Spatial intelli gence
Gv
H13
Approach system Extraversion
E
Positive emo tions
E6
CH
AR
AC
TER
Self-regulation and execution system Self-control C
Emotio nal
control
C6
INTELLEC
T
Cognitive integration system Intellect I
Emotio nal
intelli gence
I6
Components of an horizontal system (Authors)
Inhibition system
Anxiety
Neurophysiological components
Somatic complonents
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Amygdala
(?)
Serotonin
(?)
Cortisol
(?)
Ectomorphy
Asthenic
Rapid metabolism
Psychomotor
inhibition
Flight
Negative emotions
Shyness
Abulia
Over-controlled
Guilt
Low self-esteem
Selective attention
Analytical style
Fluid intelligence (Gf)
Authors Gray, Cloninger
Damasio, Dabbs
Knutson
Zuckerman
Sigaud
Kretschmer
Sheldon
Mira López
Eysenck
Cattell
Costa, McCrae
Norman
Caspi & Silva
Robins
York & John
Van Lieshout
Lluís-Font,
Kemler Nelson
& Smith, Cattell,
Mira, Gustafsson
Multiple intelligences in Systems Net Theory x Specific systems y and dimensions
(vertical)
General andfunctional systemsand dimensions(horizontal)
Neurophy siological
systemSomatic systems Affective systems Conative systems Specific cognitive systems
Neurophy siological
1
Morpho logical
2
Physio logical
3
Pychomotor
4
Instinc tive
5
Emotional
6
Social
7
Volitive
8
Beha vioral
9
Ethical
10
Self-percep
tive
11
Strate gic
12
Specia lized
cognitive
13
TEMPER
AM
ENT
Inhibitionsystem Anxiety
A
Fluid intelli gence
Gf
A13
Rapid action systemHostility H
Spatial intellige
nceGv
H13
Approach system Extraversion
E
Crystallized
intellig.Gc
E13
CH
AR
AC
TER
Self-regulation and execution system Self-control C
Cognitive control
C13
INTELLEC
T
Cognitive integration system Intellect I
Neurophy siological
intelligence
I1
Perceptive corporal intelli
gence
I2
Functional corporal intelli gence
I3
Kines thetic intelli
gence
I4
Instinctive
intelli gence
I5
Emotio nal
intelli gence
I6
Social intelli gence
I7
Executive
intelligence
I8
Adaptive intelli gence
I9
Moral intelli gence
I10
Self-perceptive
intelli gence
I11
Strategic intelli gence
I12
Generalintelli
gence“g”
I13
Multiple intelligences and cognitive styles in Systems Net Theory x Specific systems y and dimensions
(vertical)
General andfunctional systemsand dimensions(horizontal)
Neurophy siological
systemSomatic systems Affective systems Conative systems Specific cognitive systems
Neurophy siological
1
Morpho logical
2
Physio logical
3
Pychomotor
4
Instinc tive
5
Emotional
6
Social
7
Volitive
8
Beha vioral
9
Ethical
10
Self-percep
tive
11
Strate gic
12
Specia lized
cognitive
13
TEMPER
AM
ENT
Inhibitionsystem Anxiety
A
Analyti cal style
A12
Fluid intelli gence
Gf
A13
Rapid action systemHostility H
IntuitionNon-
strategic
H12
Spatial intelli gence
Gv
H13
Approach system Extraversion
E
Holistic style
E12
Crystal-lized
intellig.Gc
E13
CH
AR
AC
TER
Self-regulation and execution system Self-control C
Cognitive strate gies
control
C12
Cognitive control
C13
INTELLEC
T
Cognitive integration system Intellect I
Neurophy siological
intelligence
I1
Perceptive corporal intelli
gence
I2
Functional corporal intelli gence
I3
Kines thetic intelli
gence
I4
Instinctive
intelli gence
I5
Emotio nal
intelli gence
I6
Social intelli gence
I7
Executive
intelligence
I8
Adaptive intelli gence
I9
Moral intelli gence
I10
Self-perceptive
intelli gence
I11
Strategic intelli gence
I12
Generalintelli
gence“g”
I13
The components of the three temperamental systems in different authors
• Neurofisiológicos: Los tres principales neurotransmisores (Cloninger, 1993)
• Somáticos: Los tres tipos constitucionales (Kretschmer, 1922, Sheldon, 1942)
• Afectivos : Las tres dimensiones PEN (Eysenck, 1985)
-Neurophysiological: The three principal neurotransmitters (Cloninger, 1986)
-Somatic: The three constitutional types (Kretschmer, 1921; Sheldon, 1942)
-Affective: The three temperamental dimensions (Eysenck, 1985; Chamove et al. 1972)
-Conative: The three behavioral types (Block, 1971; York & John,1992; Van Lieshout & Haselager, 1994; Caspi & Silva, 1995; Robins et al., 1996)
-Cognitive styles: The three cognitive styles (Kemler Nelson & Smith, 1989)
-Cognitive intelligences: The three specialized intelligences (Mira, 1947; Cattell, 1971; Gustafsson, 1988)
Systems Net Theory: basic ideas
• Distinction between two types of biological systems – General, functional, horizontal– Specific, structural, pentafactorial, vertical
• Distinction between two types of general systems – Three temperamental systems, oriented to survival (in humans and animals)– Two self-regulation and integration systems (exclusive to homo sapiens)
• Distinction between the nature and the function of traits
• Justification of general and specific systems from the evolutionary theory
• Identification of traits from theoretical prediction
• Conceptualizing dimensions as a result of the reactivity of biological systems
• Conceptualizing primary traits as a result of the interaction of a general system and an specific one: The specific system determines the nature of the trait, while the general system shapes its function
Systems Net Theory: basic ideas
Typology of the big-five general and functional systems(3+2)
Three temperamental systems, oriented to survival, in humans and animals (S-O-R systems):
. Inhibition or self-preservation system (ANXIETY)
. Rapid action system (HOSTILITY)
. Approach system (EXTRAVERSION)
Two human, self-regulatory and adaptive systems:
. Self-regulation and execution system (SELF-CONTROL)
. Cognitive integration system (INTELLECT)
Order of the Big-Five, according to different authors
x
y Factors
Authors
I II III IV V
Norman
(1963)
E
Surgency
A
Agreeableness
C
Conscientious-ness
N
Emotional stability
I
Intellect
Costa &
McCrae
(1992)
N
Neuroticism
E
Extraversion
O
Openness
A
Agreeableness
C
Responsibility
John
(1990) (Acronym)
O
Openness
C
Conscientious-ness
E
Extraversion
A
Agreeableness
N
Neuroticism
Lluís-Font
(2002, 2004)
(3+2)
A (N)
Anxiety
H (A)
Hostility
E
Extraversion
C
Self-control
I
Intellect
Structure and dynamics of the three archaic (independent) temperamental systems in animals
Inhibition system
Anxiety
Rapid action system
Hostility
Approach system
Extraversion
S
R
S
R
S
R
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Neurological connection of the three archaic temperamental systems in homo sapiens (Transition towards the five general systems)
Inhibition system
Anxiety
Rapid action system
Hostility
Approach system
Extraversion
S
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Origin of the specific or vertical systems in SNT
Inhibition system
Anxiety
Rapid action system
Hostility
Approach system
Extraversion
Self-regulation system Self-control
Cognitive integration system Intellect
Neurophysiological Somatic Affective Conative Specific cognitive
system systems systems systems systems
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
S
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
R
O
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Neurophysiological components
Somatic components
Affective components
Conative components
Cognitive components
Tem
per
amen
tal s
yste
ms
Reg
ula
tin
g sy
stem
s
Structure and dynamics of a general, functional and horizontal system
x
y Specific
systems
General system
O
S
R
Neuro- physiological
Somatic Affective ConativeSpecific cognitive
Inhibition
System
ANXIETY
Anatomical
(Amygdala)
Morpho-logical
(Asthenic)
Instinctive
(Flight)
Volitive
(Abulia)
Self-concept
(Low self-esteem)
Biochemical
(Cortisol)
Physiological
(Rapid metabolism)
Emotional
(Negative emotions)
Behavioral (Over-
controlled, BIS)
Strategic
(Selective attention, analytical
style)
Electrical
(...)
Psychomotor
(Psychomotor inhibition)
Social
(Shyness)
Ethical
(Guilt)
Aptitudinal
(Fluid intelligence)
Structure and dynamics of emotional system
x Specific y systems
General systems 1 2 3 4
Emotional system
Emotionality
6 8 9 10 11 12 13
S
R
O
Inhibition system A
Anxiety
Negative emotions
A6
Rapid action system H
Hostility
Emotional toughness
H6
Approach system E
Extraversion
Positive emotions
E6
Self-regulation system C
Self-control
Emotional control
C6
Cognitive integration I system Intellect
Emotional intelligence
I6
Structure and dynamics of psychomotor system
x Specific y systems
General systems
Psychomotor system
Psychomotor reactivity
4
S
R
O
Inhibition system A
Anxiety
Psychomotor inhibition
A4
Rapid action system H
Hostility
Hyperkinesis
H4
Approach system E
Extraversion
Expansive mobility
E4
Sel-regulation system C
Self-control
Psychomotor control
C4
Cognitive integration I system Intellect
Kinesthetic intelligence
I4
Structure and dynamics of specialized cognitive system
x Specific y systems
General systems
Specialized cognitive system
Cognitive reactivity
13
S
R
O
Inhibition system A
Anxiety
Fluid intelligence
Gf
A13
Rapid action system H
Hostility
Spatial intelligence
Gv
H13
Approach system E
Extraversion
Crystallized intelligence
Gc
E13
Self-regulation system C
Self-control
Cognitive control
C13
Cognitive integration I system Intellect
General intelligence
“g”
I13
Structure and dynamics of personality in Systems Net Theory x Specific systems
y and dimensions
(vertical)
General andfunctional systemsand dimensions (horizontal)
Neurophysiological
systemSomatic systems Affective systems Conative systems Specific cognitive systems
Neurophy siological
1
Morpho logical
2
Physio logical
3
Psychomotor
4
Instinc tive
5
Emotional
6
Social
7
Volitive
8
Beha vioral
9
Ethical
10
Self-percpti
ve
11
Strate gic
12
Specia lized
cognive
13
TEMPER
AM
ENT
Inhibition system Anxiety A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13
Rapid action systemHostility H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13
Approach system Extraversion E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13
CH
AR
AC
TER
Self-regulation and execution system Self-control C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13
INTELLEC
T
Cognitive integration system Intellect I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12 I13
Symbolic
FigurativeS
Semantic
R
O
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